Grape vines. How to plant a grapevine? How is a vine formed? "laz" - morphemic analysis of the word, analysis by composition (root suffix, prefix, ending) Growing seedlings in bottles

One of the most beloved plants, both professionals and amateur gardeners, has been grapes for many hundreds of years. It is interesting to people not only for its amazing taste, the possibility of creating the best varieties of wines, but also for its medicinal properties.

Mankind has come up with many ways to use the vine: weaving baskets, furniture, vases, fences, garden figurines and much more.

Symbolism of the vine

Each nation, which has its own faith and traditions, fills the vines with different meanings. For some, it is a sign of fertility, passion, consciousness, life, for others it is a sign of greed, deceit and treachery, for others it is dedicated to dying gods.

The vine also found its reflection in Christianity. According to this belief, Christ symbolizes the main vine, and all his followers are similar to the branches of grapes. The same parallel in faith is drawn between the church and its believers.

In Catholicism, grape wine symbolizes the blood of Christ, the sacrament of communion is associated with this, which means spiritual merging with God.

But there were cases in history when it was forbidden to drink wine. For example, Muslims consider this drink a symbol of human sins.

The vine has found its place on the emblems of many countries that are actively engaged in winemaking: Turkmenistan, Georgia, Moldova.

The structure of the vine

However, in no case should one neglect the fact that without knowledge of the structure of the grape bush it is impossible to grow healthy sweet bunches.

To get a good harvest, it should be borne in mind that grapes must necessarily have a support, as they belong to liana plants with unevenly growing branches.

The grape bush can be divided into two parts:

Underground part. Consists of 2 types of roots. When propagated by seeds, the primordial embryos of the root are formed, while vegetative breeding - adventitious roots. Young roots are very sensitive to lack of moisture, and only after growth are covered with cork cloth for protection.
Aboveground part. and needs pruning. It consists of fruit vines and replacement knots, which provide fruiting. Branches in the second year of life are covered with wood, in the first year they bear green leaves and tendrils. Inflorescence and flower are formed on the plant in spring.

There are three types of buds in the leaf axils:

Wintering.
Pasynkovye.
which are located at the root of the vine.

grape propagation

When propagating grape varieties, several methods are used depending on the climate, variety and purpose of breeding.

Reproduction by seeds. With it, the qualities of the mother grapes are not duplicated, which leads to a change in external and taste qualities. Fruiting occurs only after a few years. Often this method of reproduction is used by breeders to develop new varieties or to give the plant a number of necessary qualities and characteristics.
vaccination method. More convenient for gardeners, allows you to propagate grapes in conditions of low temperatures and freezing of the soil. The second name of the method is budding. To carry it out, you need a scion, part of a cultivated plant, and a stock, grapes with a good root system. Before grafting, the graft is immersed in water for 4-5 hours for soaking.
Propagation by cuttings. The most common way. There are two main types depending on the growing season:

growing cuttings in winter, cut from the top of the vine in autumn;
prepared vines are planted in open ground in spring.

Preparation of cuttings in glasses

Amateur gardeners often use the method of preparing seedlings in glasses. This cultivation scheme is very easy and does not cause difficulties even for those who do it for the first time.

In order to germinate vines in glasses, you will need: 2 glasses of different sizes, earth, river sand and leaf humus.

2 cm of leaf humus for fertilizer is poured into a larger glass with holes pre-made at the bottom. In a smaller glass (with a cut bottom), placed inside a large one, river sand is poured, and earth is around. After that, a small glass is removed, in the middle of the river sand a depression of 4 cm is made, in which a fragment of the vine is placed. The entire space up to the top of a large glass is covered with sand and watered abundantly. A sprouted vine is planted in the spring.

Growing seedlings in bottles

To grow vines in a bottle, cut off the neck from the vessel and make holes in the bottom. First, a drainage layer is created, 6-7 tablespoons of the soil mixture are poured on it, then a stalk is placed at an angle, and then the bottle is filled to the top with steamed sawdust. So that young leaves do not lose moisture, the plant is covered with a plastic cup on top.

Watering is preferably done through a pallet.

The cuttings are ready for planting when the young roots of the vine are visible on the sides of the bottle.

Landing Rules

After successfully growing seedlings, you need to figure out how to plant a vine. This process requires a long period of preparation, which includes the choice of location, soil and the planting process itself.

The area for planting in the fall should be carefully dug up and fertilized. The soil on it should not be excessively moist and saline. Chernozems or loams are considered the best option. You should also pay attention to the illumination of the site, as a lack of light will lead to a deterioration in the taste of the grapes.

The most successful will be planting the vine in the spring, when the frost has passed. Young seedlings are placed in holes, while taking them out of containers, you should try not to damage the delicate roots. Mulch with peat and water regularly every 2-3 days.

Stages of vine formation

Before starting the formation of a bush, a trellis should be prepared. It should be oriented from south to north and consist of a support and wire up to 3 mm thick. Supports of any type, metal, wooden or concrete, should preferably be placed at a distance of 3-4 meters from each other, and their height should not be less than 2.5 m. The wire is stretched every 50 cm.

Due to the fact that grapes begin to yield only in the third year after planting, the formation of the vine goes through the following stages:

First vegetation. During its period, two well-developed shoots should be grown. Extra branches must be removed when their length reaches 2-5 cm, otherwise the bush will be unproductive and depleted. At the beginning of autumn, the shoots are tied to a wire, and closer to the middle they are pruned, leaving 3 eyes on each branch. For the winter period, the plant is covered with henna, sawdust or peat to prevent freezing, and then with a film to rid the bush of excess moisture.
Second growing season. The main task of this stage is the formation of 4 shoots, the thickness of which by autumn at the level of the first wire should be 7-8 mm. From these shoots, the sleeves of the bush will be formed in the future.
Third vegetation. On each of the 4 sleeves, two vines are formed. It is important at this stage to control the first fruiting, leaving only 1 bunch for 1-2 shoots.
Fourth growing season. During its period, the bush takes on a formed appearance. It is necessary to carry out the removal of excess and garter of green shoots, as well as to regulate fruiting. The number of bunches per 1 shoot should be no more than at the first harvest.

Failure to follow the rules of cultivation will further lead to weakening of the bush and poor fruiting.

Healing properties of the vine

The reasons why vines are grown are not only due to the taste of the fruits themselves.

Man began cultivating grapes back in the Stone Age, since each part of this plant can boast of its unique components:

The peel of the berries is saturated with waxes, essential oils and many coloring substances.
Berries contain proteins, fiber, hemicellulose, citric, tartaric and malic acids.
Fruits are rich in folic acid and vitamins of groups B, C, R.
Grape seeds contain fatty oils, lecithin, vanillin and even acetic acid.

Treatment with grapes got its name - ampelotherapy. It has been proven that it has a positive effect on headaches, migraines, helps in the elimination of diarrhea and the fight against malignant tumors.

But, unfortunately, not only such therapy is shown to everyone, but also the intake of these berries in general.

Vine weaving

For people with enough patience, the vine can bring a lot of profit or just become an interesting hobby.

The first material that mankind began to use for weaving was precisely the vine. In the manufacture of various items from it, due to the good flexibility and elasticity of the branches, it is possible not to pre-process the material.

Baskets became the most popular vine products. can vary in color - from brown to gray, and wild grapes, in addition, also have an interesting structure that gives products uniqueness and inimitability.

Scheme of analysis according to the composition of the manholes:

manhole

Parsing words by composition.

Conjugation of the word "laz":

Connecting vowel: absent

Postfix : absent

Morphemes - parts of the word laz

manhole

Detailed analysis of the word laz by composition. Word root, prefix, suffix and word ending. Morphemic analysis of the word laz, its scheme and parts of the word (morphemes).

Morphemes scheme: laz/
Word structure by morphemes: root / ending
Scheme (construction) of the word laz by composition: root laz + ending null ending
List of morphemes in the word laz:
- laz - root
- null ending - ending
Types of morphemes and their number in the word laz:
- prefix: absent - 0
- root: manhole - 1
- connecting vowel: absent - 0
- cyffix: absent - 0
- postfix: absent - 0
- end: null ending. - 1

Total morphemes in the word: 2.

Derivational analysis of the word laz

Base word: manhole;
Derivational affixes: prefix absent, suffix absent, postfix absent;
Word formation: or non-derivative, that is, not formed from another single-root word; or formed in a non-suffix way: by cutting off the suffix from the stem of an adjective or verb;
Way of education:
or non-derivative, that is, not formed from another single-root word; or formed in a non-suffix way: by cutting off the suffix from the stem of an adjective or verb
.

Morphemic analysis of the word laz

Morphemic parsing of a word is usually called the parsing of a word by composition - this is the search and analysis of morphemes (parts of a word) included in a given word.

Morphemic analysis of the word laz is very simple. To do this, it is enough to follow all the rules and the order of parsing.

Let's do the morpheme parsing correctly, and for this we just go through 5 steps:

determining the part of speech of a word is the first step;
the second - we highlight the ending: for changeable words we conjugate or decline, for unchangeable words (germs, adverbs, some nouns and adjectives, service parts of speech) - there are no endings;
Next, look for the base. This is the easiest part, because to determine the base, you just need to cut off the ending. This will be the basis of the word;
The next step is to search for the root of the word. We select related words for laz (they are also called single-root), then the root of the word will be obvious;
We find the remaining morphemes by selecting other words that are formed in the same way.

As you can see, morphemic parsing is done simply. Now let's define the main morphemes of the word and analyze it.

* Morphemic parsing of a word (word parsing by composition) - search root , prefixes , suffix , graduation And word bases The parsing of the word by composition on the site is made according to the dictionary of morphemic parsing.