Repair of brickwork of the outer walls n elbow. Elimination of destruction of brickwork

Violation of the integrity of brickwork is typical for any type of building, regardless of their service life. Among the reasons for the destruction of walls, design errors, violation of masonry technology, and natural factors are distinguished. Timely repair of internal and external brick walls will help increase the safety of the building and extend its operational life.

Methods for restoring the integrity of a brick tab and their features

Brick is one of the most common budget building materials with good strength. You can restore the integrity of the masonry yourself. The main thing is to strictly adhere to the technology.

When will brickwork need to be repaired in separate places?

When cracks appear on brick walls, the first step is to establish and eliminate the cause due to which the masonry is being destroyed. Next, you should constantly monitor the process of formation and growth of cracks and deformations, this can be done using special beacons. Repair of walls should be carried out only after the discovery of the causes that cause a violation of their integrity. Otherwise, it will not bring the desired result.

One of the dangerous cracks are interconnected, as they cause the collapse of the walls. To restore the integrity of the masonry, it is necessary to determine the type of damage, the causes and features of its occurrence. There are the following types of damage:

• chips, cracks and other mechanical defects;
• the occurrence of deformations that cause cracking and peeling of the plaster layer from the masonry surface;
• the manifestation of rust spots, which are evidence of the occurrence of foci of corrosion on embedded metal elements. Such events negatively affect the state of the entire structure, destroying it;
• protrusion of bricks due to a violation of the technology of their laying, the influence of natural factors, the presence of mechanical damage on the surface.

All these factors are immediate prerequisites for a refurbishment.

Technology for eliminating defects in brick rows from the outside

The volume and complexity of restoration work depend solely on the nature of the damage. There are the following types of repairs:

1. Puttying cracks begins with cleaning the damaged area from dirt, dust, rust and greasy stains, followed by treatment with a deep penetration construction primer. To repair the damage, you will need a solution of a cement-sand mixture in a ratio of 1: 3 (cement + sand), which fills the defect as much as possible.
2. Restoring the integrity of the seams. Before performing this procedure, the gaps between the bricks should be cleaned as much as possible from the old mortar. After that, it is good to clean the place of repair with a brush and moisten with plenty of water. Next, we move on to the restoration of the seam.
3. The destruction of a brick is one of the most complex and serious restoration procedures, since in this case a complete replacement of damaged elements will be required. The ideal repair option would be a complete disassembly of the masonry, followed by the construction of a new wall.

Restoration of load-bearing external walls

Due to various factors, some sections of the load-bearing exterior walls may lose their strength, which will require them to be completely shifted. This is the most effective measure, since it allows you to fully restore the strength of the load-bearing wall and its appearance. Full restoration of the integrity of a section of a brick external load-bearing wall consists of the following steps:

1. Identification and elimination of the causes of damage.
2. Preparation and strengthening of the brick row located in the upper part of the damaged area.
3. Dismantling of the defective area and preparation of material.
4. Implementation of new masonry in accordance with the technology.
5. Fixing the restored area with special props.

Repair of the front surface of external brick walls

In case of severe damage to the brickwork of the facade, special reinforcing metal belts or linings can be used to prevent further destruction of the walls.

To track the dynamics of the growth of cracks in the masonry, it is necessary to seal them with paper. Its integrity is evidence of the absence of a destructive process. And torn paper indicates that the crack continues to grow, and before proceeding with its repair, it is necessary to establish the cause of the damage.

Metal strapping can be hidden under a layer of plaster.

Technology of repairing a destroyed brick wall inside

The technology for restoring the integrity of internal brick walls is practically no different from repairing external masonry. The simplest and most budgetary repair option is the counter-drilling method. Its essence lies in the fact that in certain places of the damaged walls, holes are drilled, which are completely filled with cement mortar to restore the integrity of the masonry.

One of the most effective ways to repair brickwork is to dismantle it, then re-lay the wall and replace the damaged bricks. The only disadvantage of this method is the cost and complexity of its implementation.

Preparing the wall in the apartment

To restore the integrity of the masonry, the following tools will be required:

1. Master OK.
2. Trowel.
3. Hard metal brush.
4. Chisel.
5. Perforator.
6. Hammer.
7. Stitching.
8. Level.
9. Container for the preparation of the mortar mixture.

After determining and eliminating the cause of the destruction of the wall, restoration work can begin, which will be aimed at restoring integrity.

Repair begins with cleaning the damaged area from dirt and dust, removing old mortar and damaged bricks. This can be done with a hammer and chisel, or a perforator. At the same time, work with these tools so as not to damage the bricks.

How to repair a brick wall?

After completing the preparatory stage, we proceed directly to the repair using the methods described above. For this, the following types of solutions are used:

• cement-sand;
• plaster;
• calcareous;
• acrylic.

After preparing the solution, a special additive is added to it, which will improve its properties. The repair site should be moistened with plenty of water. Apply the prepared mortar mixture so that it fills the defective areas. In case of significant damage to the walls, special supports are used that will not allow the mortar to fall out.

After drying, the supports are removed.

We list recommendations that will help with self-restoration of damaged sections of brick walls:

1. Identification of the cause of damage.
2. Monitoring the dynamics of crack growth and other deformations.
3. Preparation.
4. Restoring the integrity of the wall.
5. Restoration.

As you can see, in practice, it is not so difficult to carry out an independent repair of destroyed brickwork in practice. The main thing is to establish and eliminate the cause of the damage, otherwise there will be no sense in carrying out restoration measures.

Useful video

Even in tsarist times, many architectural buildings were built of brick. As it turned out, this is a reliable and durable material. But, like everyone else, it requires care and timely repair. The destruction of brick luggage occurs not only in abandoned buildings, but also in existing buildings. Cracks occur for a variety of reasons. These may be errors in the development of the project and construction, improper operation. All this can be eliminated if the brickwork of the outer walls is repaired.

Why does brickwork tend to collapse?

Destruction and cracks of external and internal walls can appear for a variety of reasons. The main ones are:

• Different density of soils under the building;
• Large load on the foundation and load-bearing structures;
• Expansion joints are not provided;
• Settling of the foundation and uneven distribution of the load on the ground;
• Exposure to precipitation and moisture.

What precedes the destruction of the treasure?

The change in the integrity of the brickwork occurs due to several developments of events:

• There is tension in the baggage. It is not visible to the eye and at the first stage does not form visual problems.
• At the second stage, individual bricks are damaged. They show visible cracks.
• Minor damage gradually merges with each other, forming large cracks, which causes serious damage to the masonry.
• Destruction of walls.

In order to prevent massive destruction, it is enough at the initial stage to determine the degree of damage and begin timely repair of the brickwork of the outer walls.

Types of repair of brickwork of external walls

The amount of work depends on the causes of damage and the extent.

Elimination of cracks. The easiest option is putty. Small cracks are sealed with a special solution. In order for it to remain in its place for as long as possible, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation. For this:

• Remove dust and dirt;
• A cement composition is being prepared, which contains fine sand, previously sifted. Its content should be within 1 to 3.
• The finished composition is poured into cracks using various devices, including syringes. If the cracks are so large that the solution flows out of them, use a bala, which will trap the mass.

If cracks appear in the same place, it is necessary to identify the cause and eliminate it.

Seam elimination. Initially, preparatory work should be carried out, which consists in removing the old mortar using a hammer or a metal chisel. All dust and small crumbs should be swept away with a brush. To prevent moisture from the new composition from being absorbed into the brick, the masonry should be wetted from the sprayer.

Wetting the surface helps grip. The adhesive solution is applied to the seam, and the excess is removed with a brush. Update the solution should be carried out on time so that the seams do not fail.
Apply primer before painting. Often the cause of damage to luggage and the formation of seams is the repair itself. Before painting, the surface is cleaned and primed. For exterior walls, latex paint should be used.

Protection against moisture and precipitation. The most common cause of masonry destruction is increased humidity and water ingress onto the masonry surface. Therefore, when performing repairs, special attention should be paid to waterproofing. To do this, in dry weather, the surface is treated with a special cement-based solution.

Brick destruction. If individual bricks are damaged, they should be completely replaced. All parts with crumbling are cleaned to a solid foundation. The steel mesh is fixed with dowels and treated with water so that the new mortar adheres. A solution of sand and cement is applied to the surface in the ratio of 3 to 1 (coarse-grained sand: cement). After drying, the surface is rubbed.

Basic repair of the brickwork of the facade

In more serious cases, metal belts and special linings are used. It allows you to carry out repairs with the strengthening of the walls and the prevention of destruction. To find out if the cracking goes further and with what intensity, it is necessary to seal the crack in the brickwork with paper. If the indicator remains intact, the cracking has stopped and repair work can begin. If the paper is torn, it is necessary to establish the cause of the destruction and, first of all, eliminate it.

Weathered seams. Sometimes the weathering of the seams becomes the cause of the destruction of the masonry. As a result, the insulation of the walls and their bearing capacity are violated. In this case, it is possible to repair and strengthen the surface with the help of cement mortar, having previously cleaned and washed the seams. The surface of the solution is smoothed with a spatula.

If cracks occur in the lintels, they are filled with polymer cement. To eliminate defects in arched lintels, remove the load and shift the brick hoard.

Complete masonry replacement. In some cases, walls are destroyed in whole sections, and then a new treasure has to be laid. For this, there is an algorithm of actions:

• Elimination of the cause of deformation;
• The erection of a temporary fortification for those sections of the walls that are higher and cannot be replaced.
• Masonry is being carried out with a full landing of building material. The boundary between the old and new materials is filled with M100 arch cement.
• The fortification is dismantled not earlier than 7 days after the construction of the last tier.

Repair of large cracks

Brick is a durable building material, which in itself does not lend itself to cracking. Therefore, before repair, the cause of its destruction should be identified and eliminated. After that, the repair of the facade will be appropriate. Huge cracks are fixed with balls, which are fixed with anchor bolts. Areas where the cement has crumbled are sealed not only with cement.

Often clay is used with the addition of brick chips. Large cracks that occur between the wall and partitions are plastered with a special solution, having previously strengthened the area with a metal mesh.

A variety of materials are used in construction. One of the most popular is this material is durable, resistant to aggressive environments. However, the brick eventually becomes unusable. If there is repairable damage, the brickwork is repaired or restored. Let's take a closer look at what it is.

General information

Restoration of old brickwork includes a complex of various activities. First of all, an assessment of the condition and quality of the wall is carried out. After that, cleaning is performed, the crumbled elements are removed. The next step is the preparation of restoration solutions and filling them with voids.

In practice, it often happens that in a building one brick wall is damaged, while the rest remain intact. In such situations, demolishing the entire building is impractical. It is much more economical to carry out the restoration of brickwork. Prices per m2 vary depending on the severity of the damage, the age of the building itself and other factors.

Causes of destruction

Violation of the structural solidity of brick walls is caused by various circumstances. The main cause of destruction is the shrinkage of the structure. A year or two after the erection, the structure shrinks. Accordingly, the restoration of the brickwork of the new building will be required in any case.

The walls exert a certain pressure on the foundation. This causes its deformation over time, which, in turn, negatively affects the condition of the base: a crack occurs. She goes higher, destroying the wall.

Weather conditions are of no small importance. With constant exposure to atmospheric precipitation, a small crack increases in size.

Another cause of destruction is the deflection of the wall. It occurs as a result of increased pressure of the ceilings and vaults of the building. In such a situation, experts recommend first determining the exact cause of the damage, and then deciding whether it is necessary to restore the brickwork. The price per m2 of wall can reach a significant size. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the economic feasibility of restoration work.

Back drilling

Among all methods of brickwork restoration, this method is considered the most reliable and cheapest.

The restoration of the wall is as follows. At a certain level, holes are made with a chain or in a checkerboard pattern at a given distance. In thick walls, they are drilled on both sides opposite each other. The holes are filled with a hydrophobic solution (in liquid or cream form). To restore the static masonry, a mineral suspension is added.

Partial parsing

As the name implies, this brickwork restoration technology involves the dismantling of the damaged section of the wall. Waterproofing is laid in it and closed with new bricks.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost and waste of material.

Microwave dehumidification

A microwave field is created in the wall using an autonomous electrical system. It provides the conversion of moisture into vapor, which exits through the capillaries. Electrodes of different poles are introduced into the wall and the ground, to which current is supplied.

This method allows you to remove excess moisture from the masonry and prevent further destruction.

saw method

This method of restoration of brickwork is considered the most expensive. Its essence is as follows.

The masonry is sawn horizontally. The resulting opening is filled with waterproofing material, and the gaps are filled with mineral suspensions that help restore the statics of the masonry.

The disadvantage of this method is the frequent incompatibility of suspensions with old masonry. This leads to the separation of the compositions.

Laboratory research

This stage is one of the mandatory in the process of restoration of brickwork.

Samples are taken from different sections of the wall for analysis. They are examined for the presence of sulfates, nitrates, moisture and salts.

During a visual examination, it is far from always possible to detect water in the capillaries of the masonry. Samples from at least three sites are required for laboratory testing. They are studied and the percentage of water in each is established, then the results are compared. If the indicators are high, a cutoff is made.

Salt content is studied in a similar way. If their high content is detected, measures are taken to eliminate their negative impact on the wall.

In addition to surface cleaning, cupping is also performed. It involves the conversion of salts into an insoluble form. In this case, a special chemical treatment is carried out. It allows you to stop the hygroscopic swelling of salt, which prevents it from reaching the surface of the masonry and destroying the wall.

If the salinity index is very high, light porous solutions are used. The compositions are applied directly to the masonry. Their task is to draw out salts, after which the solutions are knocked off the wall and thrown away. Then do repeated laboratory tests. If the salt content has not decreased enough, the solution is applied again. If their number has decreased, they move on to the next stage of recovery.

Injection

It is carried out during the restoration of seams in brickwork. Injection is carried out with mineral, epoxy or polyurethane compounds that do not allow moisture to pass through. The choice of a particular composition is influenced by the condition of the masonry, load and humidity.

The most suitable for recovery are organosilicon mixtures. Kerosene or white spirit is used as a solvent.

The crack is plugged, the composition is injected under pressure. The solutions are viscous and penetrate into small cracks.

To prevent stratification of the composition, fine sand is added to it. Otherwise, only the liquid component will penetrate into the depth of the crack, and the base will remain at the top.

Important Points

It happens that during restoration it is necessary to preserve old materials, for example, if work is being done with historical masonry. In such cases, weak points must be identified already during a visual inspection. After that, the degree of strength of the materials is determined by the laboratory method. With a low index, the wall is strengthened with solutions containing silicon.

The brick is restored with the help of restoration mortars, and the seams - with special seams. In terms of strength, grain size and color, they must match the samples. The necessary parameters are determined in laboratory studies.

Solutions

Restorative and suture compositions are of three types:

1. Based on lime.
2. Cement containing.
3. Acrylic.

The choice of a particular solution is influenced by the strength of the masonry, as well as the requirements that apply to the object.

Quite rarely, epoxy and polyurethane compounds are used in practice. Lime mixed with sand is used to restore the walls of old buildings. If there are seams and bricks of different colors in such a masonry, color imitation is allowed. For this, azures with the addition of dyes are used.

Modern technologies make it possible to restore masonry for at least 10 years. Creamy or liquid water repellents based on silane-siloxane are used as preservatives. Silicone compounds and siliconates are less commonly used. Creamy water repellents are considered the most effective.

Do-it-yourself brickwork restoration

To restore the surface, you will need the following tools:

• Drill.
• Perforator.
• Chisel.
• Hammer.
• Master OK.
• Metal brush.

Before starting work, it is necessary to fix the wall.

Do-it-yourself brickwork restoration technology is as follows.

Using a drill with a special nozzle, the bricks to be removed and adjacent seams are cut.

The joints along the perimeter of the destroyed brick are knocked down with a hammer and a chisel. In this case, you should act carefully so as not to damage adjacent whole masonry elements. They must be carefully cleaned of the old solution. Pre-bricks are moistened with water.

The mortar should be laid out on all sides of the hole formed from the removed bricks. The composition layer is not less than 2 cm. Whole bricks are soaked in water, smeared with mortar from all contact parts. They are inserted in place of removed damaged elements.

To shrink them into the holes, they are lightly tapped with a trowel handle.

Supports and other fasteners can be removed after completion of work.

Restoration of brickwork: prices

Today, many companies offer their services in the field of repair. Their cost, of course, differs in each region.

As a rule, companies offer comprehensive services for structural bonding of cracks, masonry reinforcement, cut-off device. Their cost is formed from the price of work and materials. The first, in turn, depends on the volume and complexity of restoration measures. The cost of the material is calculated based on its quantity and unit price, including delivery to the site.

Currently, in most cases, an injectable (injected) composition is used for restoration. His choice is determined by the goals of recovery, the degree of complexity of the problem. The more pores and cracks in the masonry, the more material and working time are naturally needed.

In addition, factors such as:

• The need for reinforcement masonry.
• Working conditions.
• Height of the building.
• The need to heat the work area.
• Remoteness of the object.
• The need to deliver restoration material from another region (on order).
• Additional costs (transportation costs, etc.).

In St. Petersburg, for example, the average prices for restoration activities are as follows:

As you can see, the cost of the entire complex of works can be quite high. In this case, additional costs may be required to perform laboratory tests.

In case of significant damage to the masonry, it is better to turn to professionals. If the cracks are small, then it is quite possible to cope on their own. This, however, does not apply to buildings with historical masonry. The fact is that for its restoration it is necessary to have certain experience and knowledge. In addition, you can not do without laboratory research.

As evidenced by many architectural monuments, perfectly preserved to this day, brick is one of the most durable building materials. However, like any other material, it needs repair and proper care.

The destruction of external and internal brick walls is observed not only in abandoned buildings, but also in residential buildings. This happens for a variety of reasons: due to errors in the construction of the house, improper design or inappropriate operation standards. However, the timely elimination of defects in brickwork helps to protect the facade of the building and significantly extend its life.

Reasons for the destruction of brickwork

Exterior and interior walls built of brick can collapse for a variety of reasons. Namely:

• due to the different density of soil sections under the building;
• due to the heavy load on the supporting structures and foundation;
• due to the absence of expansion joints;
• due to subsidence of the foundation and uneven load on the ground;
• due to exposure to moisture and precipitation.

Stages of destruction of a brick facade

There are several interrelated stages that entail a violation of the integrity of the brickwork, in particular:

1. tension arises in the masonry, imperceptible to the eye, since at first it does not form visible damage;
2. small damages, so-called "hair cracks" are formed in individual bricks;
3. at the next stage, the cracks are combined with each other and with vertical seams, which as a result seriously damages the masonry;
4. the final stage and the actual destruction of the walls.

In order not to lead to the destruction of the facade, it is necessary to determine the possible scale and cause of deformations at the initial stages. It is important to timely diagnose the condition of the outer walls, the thickness of the joints between the bricks and their fullness with mortar.

Types of masonry repairs

The direction and scope of work to repair brickwork depends on the extent and causes of damage to the outer walls:

1. Putty cracks. If there are cracks in the masonry, they must be repaired with a special solution. First, preparation is carried out: cracks are cleaned of dust and dirt, at the same time a special cement composition is prepared, to which sifted fine sand is added at the rate of one to three. The composition is poured into cracks using a syringe or other suitable devices. If the width of the cracks exceeds five millimeters, a special beam is used when pouring cement, which prevents the solution from flowing out. If cracks reappear in this place, look for their cause and eliminate it;
2. Seam repair. During the preparatory work, the seams are cleaned of the old mortar. To eliminate incoherent pieces of brickwork, a special hammer or chisel is used. Dust and crumbs are swept out with a brush. To prevent the brick from absorbing the new mortar, the masonry, as well as the seams, must be moistened with a sprayer. Among other things, it will help the clutch. With the help of a trowel and jointing, a seam is created that resembles the old one, which is then filled with an adhesive solution. Excess mixture is removed with a brush. Renewal of the adhesive solution must be carried out in advance, without waiting for the seams to finally fail;
3. Priming exterior walls before painting. Often the cause of masonry damage is the repair itself. To repaint the repaired walls, the damaged areas are primed. The fact is that when applying paint to a new masonry, priming is not required. However, after repair, it is needed to level the walls for a more even application of paint. In the case of repairing exterior walls made of brick, a latex primer is well suited;
4. Waterproofing. The most common cause of the destruction of a brick facade is water. In this regard, it is very important to pay attention to waterproofing when repairing masonry in order to avoid new problems. To do this, the completely dry surface of the brick is treated with a special cement-based material;
5. Brick damage. If the brick crumbles, it must be completely replaced. For this, plaster and a steel mesh with small cells are used. Those areas where brick crumbling is observed are completely cleaned to a solid foundation. With the help of dowels, the mesh is fixed. The surface of the wall is treated with water (for better adhesion and so that the mortar does not penetrate into the brick). And a sand-cement mortar is applied at the rate of three parts of coarse sand to one part of cement. After the wall has dried, the surface is rubbed.

Major renovation of a brick façade

In some cases, special metal linings and belts are used to repair a cracked brick facade, which strengthen the walls and prevent them from collapsing further. To understand whether the formation of a crack has ended or whether it will continue to grow, the damaged brick is sealed with paper. If after a while it remains intact, then the damage is over and you can safely proceed to repair work.

If the paper is torn, you need to look for the causes of destruction in the shrinkage of the house or in design errors. In any case, it is better to eliminate the cause of the destruction before proceeding with the repair. Sometimes special reinforced concrete corsets are used to reinforce the facade. If the flaws in the brickwork are small, they are eliminated with pre-prepared concrete mortar. If there are sufficiently large-scale damage, it is necessary to shift the damaged area.

Exterior wall jointing

In the event that the cause of the destruction of the masonry is a significantly deeper weathering of the seams, the heat-insulating and bearing capacity of the walls decreases. As mentioned above, strengthening the joints with cement mortar helps to eliminate such a defect. The seams are cleaned and washed with water, filled with a specially prepared solution and smoothed with a spatula.

In the event of single cracks in the lintels, liquid or polymer cement is injected into them. If it is necessary to eliminate a defect in the arched lintels, the load is first removed from them, and then the brickwork is completely shifted.

Repair of heavily damaged sections of the facade

Sometimes it happens that some sections of the wall completely lose their bearing capacity, and you have to shift the brick to the entire depth of the facade. Such repairs guarantee the complete elimination of the defect and help restore the original appearance of the structure. Repair work on the complete replacement of the deformed area includes the following steps:

• elimination of the causes of wall deformation;
• creation of a temporary fortification for the section of the wall located above and not subject to replacement;
• dismantling of the damaged area (semi-rigid cement mortar and new brick are used for re-laying);
• masonry is carried out with a full landing of building materials (the upper boundary between the new and old brickwork is poured with M100 cement);
• temporary fasteners are removed only a week after laying the last tier.

Repairing large cracks in the façade

Since brick is a fairly durable building material, it just does not crack. Therefore, before starting repairs, regardless of the size of the damage, it is necessary to find and eliminate the cause of the deformation of the walls. After making sure that the cracks no longer diverge, you can begin to repair.

If the cracks differ in scale and significantly in width, the masonry is fastened with a metal bond: special anchors or beams. Crumbling laying seams can be repaired not only with cement, but also with clay with the addition of brick chips. Large cracks between walls and partitions are sealed with plaster. To do this, the damaged area is pre-upholstered with a metal mesh.

The brick wall of any house can eventually become unusable - crumble and collapse. Damage in it also occurs due to the fact that problems are found in the foundation or the walls themselves gradually begin to settle. Repair of brick walls may not be needed immediately in the entire structure.

As a rule, problem areas are localized by several adjacent bricks and only in certain places. But even in this case, sooner or later they can lead to the fact that a crack forms on the wall or the roof is skewed. One way or another, the brick wall will need to be repaired.

Before proceeding to direct repairs, it is necessary to establish the actual causes of masonry problems or defects. If this is not done, then, having eliminated the consequences, sooner or later this problem will reappear. In addition, in order to choose which method to repair a brick house with, it is necessary to assess the degree of destruction of the structure.

Stages of destruction of a brick wall

• Problems do not yet appear outwardly, but the process of destruction has already begun;
• Microcracks appear on the plastered layer of the wall surface (they are called hair cracks);
• Cracks appear in the brickwork;
• The brick wall is crumbling.

It is necessary to eliminate defects at any stage of destruction after preparation.

The preparatory work includes the following steps:

1. Removal of plaster layer. If you are in doubt about whether the plaster needs to be removed, be sure to remove it. A good layer of plaster will not raise doubts about this;
2. Cracks and seams are cleaned of brick chips and remnants of the hardened mortar;
3. Washing with a water jet under pressure;
4. Final drying.

Important!
Before carrying out the restoration, the load-bearing wall must be fixed with props or strengthened in another way.

A common mistake is to try to hide problems with a layer of new plaster. In order to select the optimal repair method, it is necessary to take into account the life of this structure. This is because the mortar is susceptible to weathering over time.

For old masonry, new jointing is the most suitable method. This technological procedure extends the life of the brickwork. In addition, it is quite simple to perform it.

The order of technological jointing of seams

1. Cleaning, washing and drying the surface;
2. Preparation of the solution (the color of the seams is determined using special pigments);
3. Filling of vertical seams;
4. Filling horizontal seams;

Important!
When filling the seams, care must be taken to ensure that no air pockets remain in them, because voids will impair the quality of the seam.

1. Jointing or grouting. This aligns the remaining elements.

Should not be performed with a sledgehammer. To dismantle a wall that is built with lime mortar, a crowbar or a pickaxe is used. The following are recommendations for repairing brickwork.

Crack repair

Such a defect in the outer walls has to be eliminated quite often. In order to choose the optimal method, it is necessary to determine whether such a crack continues to grow.

A proven way to do this is to install beacons (strips of paper 75-90 mm or plaster jumpers of a similar size). If the wall is plastered, then beacons should be installed only after the layer of old plaster is removed.

After installing the beacons, you must leave them for two weeks. If the crack grows, then after a while it will be accurately determined. If the beacons remain in place, then you can proceed to direct repairs.

The main repair method in this case is the strengthening of cracks with cement mortar. This method is quite reliable. However, when preparing the solution, it is necessary to take into account the size of the defect.

A small crack can be filled with a liquid cement-sand mortar. When eliminating a significant defect, solutions are used with the addition of special adhesive compositions.

Note!
The solution is poured into the crack using a special tool that resembles a large syringe in appearance and design.

chipping bricks

This method is more serious, as it involves the removal of bricks. The main reason for chipping is the poor quality of the bricks themselves. Small cracks soon appear on the surface of poor-quality material, where moisture from the air or soil enters. When freezing (or even at a normal temperature difference), the crack increases, and the building brick, in the end, cracks all over the body.

Such a brick should be removed. It is possible that in this case it will be necessary to remove several adjacent bricks. This procedure must be carried out quite carefully so as not to damage good bricks.

Damaged elements should be removed immediately and the surface cleaned. After that, a high-quality brick is installed in this place (for example, double silicate brick M 150) on a carefully prepared mortar.

props

When repairing large areas, be sure to use special metal props. They can be made from metal profiles (pipes, channels, I-beams).

Note!
To do this, metal jumpers are first installed on the wall, which are then supported by racks.

The price of such work is usually quite high, and they require not only funds, but also special skills. After completion of the work, the racks from the metal supports can be removed, but you can leave them, they will only strengthen the structure.

Tip: If, for various reasons, the jumpers also need to be removed, then their attachment points must be strengthened with cement mortar.

Seam restoration

One of the special cases of restoration is the restoration of a seam, which can crack and fall out due to the poor quality of the material itself or if the technology of its preparation is violated.

Such a defect is not difficult to eliminate with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists.

The troubleshooting sequence is as follows:

• With a hammer and a chisel, the seams should be embroidered as deep as possible;
• Glue-cement mortar is pumped into the cleaned seams;
• If damaged bricks are found during the expansion of the seam, then they should be replaced.

The second option for repairing seams

This repair method uses a clay mortar that is pressed into the seam. According to the size of this seam, a wooden block is selected, with the help of which the clay is pressed under pressure (by tapping with a hammer). The instruction involves applying the adhesive-cement mortar to the seam.

conclusions

Everything must be done very carefully in compliance with technology and rules. They are considered very responsible, because a poor-quality wall can lead to the collapse of the entire structure.

If you doubt the question of the expediency of restoring an old wall (in some cases it is better to completely dismantle such a wall and erect a new structure in its place), then it is better to consult with specialists.