Optimal temperature and humidity in the room of a newborn: we create comfortable conditions for the child. Optimum temperature in the newborn room Optimum humidity in the nursery

What humidity should be in the children's room and its optimal level? What goals are being pursued, and what result should be obtained, or will it be, according to Chernomyrdin, "we wanted the best, but it turned out as always." An indisputable fact remains the assertion that infants have not yet launched mechanisms that regulate body temperature and air humidity in the children's room should be optimal.

This will be one of the factors in preventing the child from getting sick or will help shorten the period of the disease. Due to hypothermia, an infant may experience a painful condition due to the imperfection of the mechanisms for regulating the temperature regime of the body. The video in this article presents how wrong conclusions are drawn from this correct position.

So:

Trying to protect the baby from hypothermia, parents believe that the purchase of an electric heater is one of the indispensable actions in preparing for the meeting of the newborn.
The instruction prescribes keeping the air temperature in the wards of newborns at least 22ºС (in practice it is higher), so parents make every effort to keep the temperature in the children's room not lower than in the maternity hospital, and if possible, even higher.
In most cases, the typical feeling of shortness of breath occurs even after a short stay in the newborn room, especially when a heater is present.
Panically afraid of cold air, parents do not attach importance to overheating of the baby, as long as it is not cold.
The regulation of temperature regimes in newborns is carried out in two ways - by ambient temperature and clothing.
Parents can solve these problems for the first time in the hours of returning home from the hospital and do not forget to buy a humidifier in the children's room, about the need for which a lot has been written.

It is better to supercool, overheat or humidify

Often, the confusion of the concepts “the child is cold” and “the temperature of the ambient air that the baby inhales” leads to a distortion of the basic rule of a person’s whole life. It is better to overcool than overheat, so the air temperature in the room of children and adults should be 18ºС-19ºС. Yes, yes, indignant voices are heard, and yet overheating is more dangerous than hypothermia if the humidifier for the children's room is still waiting for the owners in the store.

Children are born everywhere, in heat and cold, in villages and cities, in sanitary and unsanitary conditions, but there are several main ways to protect it from overheating:

The minimum number of clothes preferably from natural materials.
Sufficient intake of water in the child's body.

Attention: Milk for feeding a child is food, and the liquid sufficient for the normal functioning of the baby's body is water and it must be supplied in sufficient quantities.

Daily bathing of newborns in the bath.
An equally significant factor is the level of humidity in the children's room. due to the peculiarity of thermoregulation of children. The less moisture in the air and the drier inhaled mixture, the more fluid the body needs to moisturize, and additional loss of water always occurs with the release of useful salts.

If you look at the statistics, the majority of the population lives in climatic conditions, where heating systems work from autumn to spring. A fundamental feature of the heating season is the operation of systems that can dry the air in the premises and in the children's room in particular.

How to solve the problem, what should be the humidity in the children's room and how to keep it at the right level? The optimal relative humidity is considered to be 50-70%, and air heating reduces the humidity by almost 2 times lower than the recommended one, although there is more than one way out.

Wet cleaning of the children's room.
Regular airing of the baby's room.
Water containers and wet towels on batteries.
Spraying flower leaves from a spray bottle with clean water.
Installation of decorative fountains.
Breeding fish in an aquarium.

The desired goal, modern technology allows you to get in less time-consuming ways.

Science to help parents

How to choose a humidifier for a child's room and are there any of them that are the best?

Before proceeding with the choice, you need to familiarize yourself with their varieties:

Steam engines speak for themselves and work on the principle of a boiling kettle. The built-in heater evaporates water, and steam jets are blown into the air by a fan, moistening it. A legitimate question arises, what to do when the water runs out, will its end lead to overheating and then to a fire? In this case, an automatic shutdown is provided. Pure water is poured inside any, it is possible with aromatic oils.

Attention: These humidifiers have undesirable disadvantages for consumers - a large consumption of electricity, the release of hot steam, on contact with which you can get burned.

The operation of the steam appliance is quite noisy, and if a child sleeps in perfect silence from the first days, then his sleep can be disturbed by the second hand on the clock, not to mention the unit. It is not recommended to purchase such an air humidifier in the nursery of a small child.
A modern invention that has recently come into use in homes is an ultrasonic humidifier. Its modernity does not guarantee against negative aspects in operation and is present along with positive aspects.

The advantages of these devices include efficient and fast humidification.
Quiet work.
Small, compact dimensions.
The disadvantages are the possibility of waterlogging the air and the appearance of dampness in the room.
Ultrasonic humidifiers for a children's room are filled with special distilled water.

The developers solved the problem with waterlogging by integrating a hygrometer. When the air is humidified to the norm, the device turns off. An alternative to distilled water has not yet been found, and attempts to fill the humidifier with ordinary water leads to the evaporation of salts from the water and the formation of plaque on the furniture.
What should be the humidity in the children's room, and whether a cold humidifier that works on the principle of evaporation is suitable. Water falling on the plates is evaporated by a fan.

Their use guarantees against waterlogging.
Quiet work.
Low energy consumption.
By avoiding heating the water, it became possible to add silver particles to the filter fibers. Silver has the ability to destroy many different types of harmful bacteria.
A fly in the ointment in this barrel of honey will be a high price and dimensions that are superior to other similar units.

The best humidifiers for a child's room are chosen by parents based on the personality of their child.

Attention: Children with underdeveloped lungs under 4 years of age are not recommended to breathe air with fine dust emitted by an ultrasonic humidifier.
Many diseases have become much younger, and allergic reactions are observed in babies. When a child has an intolerance to certain things, it is better to get a humidifier as in the photo, which controls and purifies the air.
Their difference lies in the ability to pass air through a special barrier, that is, a filter. Wool, plant pollen, ordinary dust settle on the filter. The air is purified from tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide and unpleasant odors.
To fully appreciate the help of science, get an ionic humidifier for the children's room and do not spare the money.

Scientists from many countries are constantly dealing with the problems of the human body and the processes occurring in it.
It has been established that oxygen, which is vital for him, is absorbed from the air enriched with negatively charged particles (aeroions). I immediately recall the air after a thunderstorm and Tyutchev's poem “I love a thunderstorm in early May ...” and nothing can prevent parents from creating a similar atmosphere in the children's room, thereby improving his health.
For children with asthma and suffocating in dry air, experts strongly recommend purchasing a modern humidifier with a corrector with your own hands.
Have you noticed that some of the models on offer have UV lamps?
For a human, weakened immunity, clean air without viruses and bacteria, saturated with active oxygen, is just a panacea for infectious infection, so devices should be installed not only in childcare facilities, but also in offices and homes.

You can choose the best humidifier for a child's room in any store, relying on just a couple of basic criteria - efficiency and safety.
You can hear a lot of good arguments from opponents of the new and those who like to remember the old days, but why give up technological progress if it brings great benefits? You can’t buy health for money, but they will help to keep it from an early age, if you take care of it in time and apply all available methods for this.

Even before the birth of a child, parents think about where to equip a place for the baby, how to put a crib, what to buy. An important issue is the determination of the "correct" parameters of temperature and humidity in the room where the small child will be. Many will now think that it will be about buying a heater or plastic windows for insulation. On the contrary, let's talk about how important clean, moist and cool air is for a child, about the negative effect of excessive dryness and heat on the baby's body.

The temperature and humidity of the air in the apartment where the baby is located should be such as to strengthen from birth.

After spending several days in the maternity hospital, my mother notices that the thermometer in the ward is at around 22, or even all 24 degrees, no devices, such as humidifiers, are anywhere to be seen. From this, she concludes: the warmer and drier, the better. Arriving home, she immediately seeks to turn on the heater, close all the windows and dress the baby warmer so as not to overcool. A maternity hospital is a place where there are many mothers and children. And every mother has her own concepts and principles. If the temperature in the wards is 18 degrees, then almost every woman in labor will complain that it is cold in the maternity hospital, and the baby can get sick. So the health workers are trying to please such mothers so that there are no complaints later.

In fact, warm and dry air has a very unfavorable effect on the child and does not add to his health. Everyone knows that local immunity is a mucus that is produced in the nose and upper respiratory tract. It contains antibodies that actively fight viruses and bacteria that have entered the body. If the mucus dries up, immunity will weaken, and pathogens will penetrate inside. The correct temperature and humidity in the room will help prevent the mucus from drying out.

A small child is afraid of hypothermia, but overheating hinders him even more. High air temperature makes the child unable to lose heat through the lungs, so this process occurs through the skin. As a result, the child sweats, which contributes to the loss of water and minerals that he needs. The optimum air temperature in the room where there is a child is 18-20 degrees. It is better to dress the baby warmer and make the temperature 18 ° C - let him breathe cool air.

The air in the apartment is an important factor in maintaining the health and immunity of the child. Children who breathe dry air get sick more often and more severely. What humidity should be in the apartment? Normal indicators are from 50 to 70%, the minimum allowable limit is 40%. It follows from this that in every house where there is a small child, there should be a device that measures the humidity of the air in the apartment. This device is called a hygrometer. If the air humidity in the apartment is less than acceptable, which is very often the case during the heating season and in the summer, you need to purchase a humidifier.

Humidifiers come in different shapes and sizes, different designs and with different functions. There are humidifiers with built-in sensors that show the temperature and humidity in the apartment, with a steam heating function, with ionization and other parameters. There are quite simple and inexpensive models, the only function of which is to humidify the air.

If you're planning on having a baby, then a humidifier, thermometer, and hygrometer are a list of must-haves. By providing a child with comfortable conditions, you will strengthen his health and increase resistance to disease. Do not listen to grandmothers and girlfriends who advise you to close all doors and turn on the heater - use common sense and take care of the baby. Clean, cool and humid air in the room where the baby lives will provide him with healthy sleep and good health throughout the day.

What should be the room temperature for a newborn? How to prevent hypothermia and overheating of the crumbs? What air parameters will provide you and him with sound sleep and excellent health? Let's figure it out in order!

What is every mother afraid of? To keep her baby warm! This fear is inherent in us genetically, so we all strive to prevent hypothermia of the child at any cost. However, often our efforts turn into negative consequences for the child's body, to which overheating does much more harm than the very "terrible" hypothermia.

Why is overheating dangerous?

A newborn baby sleeps most of the day, but his body systems work at full capacity. One of the most productive is the metabolism, which proceeds much faster than in an adult. Metabolic processes cause the release of heat, which the body needs to get rid of. Human physiology has laid down 2 ways to get rid of excess heat: through the lungs (that is, the respiratory system) and through the skin (sweat).

Breathing - the baby inhales air, the temperature of which is lower than body temperature. Passing through the respiratory tract and lungs, the air heats up, and when exhaled, it takes away the heat that the body does not need. The higher the temperature difference between the air and the body of the child, the more productive the heat transfer mechanism works.
Sweating - the high temperature in the baby room does not allow the first respiratory mechanism to work productively, which is why the second one is activated. The body begins to produce sweat, which comes to the surface of the skin, taking moisture and salt with it. The baby begins to feel the need for water:
- his saliva dries up, which provokes the development of thrush in the mouth;
- crusts appear in the nose that make it difficult to breathe;
- the stomach begins to swell, because due to lack of moisture, the intestines cannot absorb food;
- on the skin (under the diaper and in the folds) there are redness - diaper rash. This is a reaction to the irritation of the baby's delicate skin to its own salty sweat.

The second mechanism of heat loss is extremely dangerous. It can cause the most severe conditions of the child, the elimination of which sometimes requires hospitalization and saturation of the body with fluid through intravenous infusions.

What should be the air temperature

So what should be the optimal temperature for a newborn? According to pediatricians, a range of 18 to 20°C is needed. These are the most physiological indicators that ensure the normal course of natural processes in the baby's body. To control this parameter, you need to purchase a room thermometer and place it directly at the baby's crib.

At the same time, it is important to separate the concepts - "air temperature in the newborn's room" and "the baby is freezing", and take into account that each child is individual. It is enough for one kid to stay in one cotton vest and thin sliders to feel good. And for others, the arms and legs may freeze, so you will need to put on socks or another blouse on the crumbs.

How to keep the temperature in the room

In the summer, a family with a baby cannot do without air conditioning. It can be placed in a child's bedroom or an adjoining room, and only make sure that the air flow does not pass near the crib.

In winter, it is more difficult to maintain the air temperature for a newborn, as centralized heating warms apartments up to 25-26°C. If it is not possible to "screw" the tap on the riser and thereby reduce the heat from the batteries, you can:

regularly ventilate the nursery - open the window 3-4 times a day for half an hour. At this time, the child should be taken out of the room. It is ideal to combine ventilation and walks: while you are on the street, the children's bedroom "cools down" to the desired temperature;
cover the batteries with a thick cloth - blankets, rugs, bedding will do, which will keep the heat inside.

The increased temperature in the room for the newborn requires other actions from the mother:

remove all excess clothes from the baby - if the room is warmer than 24 ° C, leave him in one diaper;
regularly drink water to the baby - this will reduce the risk of dehydration and its consequences;
more often - the water temperature for a newborn may be somewhat lower than usual. The ideal parameters are 35-36°C. Bathing can be done 2-3 times a day.

Air humidity

The concept of "optimal room temperature for a newborn" is inextricably linked with an indicator of air humidity. It has a direct effect on the thermoregulation of the baby's body and manifests itself in the following:

when inhaled, the air passes through the respiratory tract and lungs, where it is heated and saturated with moisture;
on exhalation, the humidity of the air is always 100%;
if a child inhales dry air, his body spends its moisture reserves on moistening the air, thereby provoking (or aggravating) fluid loss and its consequences.

The humidity level in the children's bedroom should be 50-70%. You can determine this indicator with a household hygrometer. Approximately at this level, the humidity is kept in the autumn and spring periods, if the room is often ventilated and the heaters are not turned on. In summer, the air is drier, but this can be compensated for by periodic wet cleaning and the location of an open aquarium near the bed.

In winter, the dryness of the air under the influence of heating devices reaches 100%. To solve the problem, you need to use an easy-to-maintain and inexpensive humidifier.

Compliance with the optimal parameters of temperature and humidity will allow your baby to grow up healthy!

Optimum air humidity 40-60%

Humidity is a measure of how much water vapor is in the air. It is one of the most important environmental parameters affecting human health. Young children are especially sensitive to it. When talking about air humidity, most often they mean a relative value, expressed as a percentage.

Optimal humidity indicators for children's health are spelled out in a document called SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, maintenance and organization of the working regime in preschool organizations": "The relative humidity of the air in rooms where children stay should be within 40- 60%".

Some experts believe that these figures should be lower - 35-45%, otherwise mold may begin to grow in the room.

Sometimes I come to little patients at home and see a picture: the air in the apartment is so humid that condensation flows through the windows. I ask my parents why they turned on the humidifier at full power? The usual answer is: "The child is coughing a lot. Probably because the air is dry." Then it turns out that this cough is not at all due to dry air. It's just that the baby developed an allergic reaction to mold spores, which appeared just from excessively humid air.
Irina Korneeva
Pediatrician

Too low air humidity affects children's health just as badly as too high. If you want to create optimal conditions for your child, you should monitor this indicator in your apartment. A special device - a hygrometer - will help. There are different models: some show only humidity, others have a wider range of functions.

Dry air increases the risk of getting SARS

Usually, children's health problems due to dry air begin with the onset of the heating season. The reason for this is hot batteries (in some apartments, the “warm floor” system also contributes). Due to their work, air humidity can decrease to extreme values \u200b\u200b- 20-25%. It gets hot in many apartments, the temperature rises to 25 degrees and higher (in accordance with the same sanitary rules and regulations, the optimum temperature for a room in which a child is constantly located is 22-24 ° C). In fact, the child finds himself in conditions close to the climate of the Sahara desert.

Worst of all, low air humidity affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, causing them to dry out and become irritated. The work of the natural defense mechanism is deteriorating, which normally does not allow influenza pathogens and other infections to invade the body.

Some viruses thrive in low humidity. For example, studies have shown that influenza viruses survive longer in the environment and spread more easily from person to person in dry air.

Dry air has a bad effect not only on the state of the respiratory system. It can be the culprit for a condition known as "winter itch". It manifests itself in the form of dryness, peeling of the skin, the appearance of cracks on it. Due to dry eyes, irritation and itching occur, especially if the child also likes to sit at the computer.

How to humidify the air: household tricks and special devices

In addition to the readings of the hygrometer, low air humidity in the apartment can be “diagnosed” by some typical “symptoms”: indoor plants dry out, cracks appear on the parquet and wooden furniture, the edges of the wallpaper move away from the walls, static electricity makes itself felt with might and main.

In order to increase the humidity in the room, you can use some improvised means:

- place water containers throughout the room, for example, vases, jugs: the liquid will gradually evaporate - a simple measure, but not very effective;
- lay wet towels on the batteries - the water will evaporate from them, as they dry, they need to be moistened;
- an even more "advanced" way: put a container of water on the battery or on the included gas stove;
- keep more potted plants in the apartment, placing them evenly in all rooms;
– dry the laundry after washing in the rooms, and not on the street.

In a word, in order to increase the humidity of the air, a certain amount of liquid must be evaporated in the room. This can be done in a variety of ways. The most convenient and effective solution is to get a humidifier and a hygrometer to measure the humidity level (many models of humidifiers are already equipped with built-in hygrometers). The main advantage of these devices is that you do not have to be sophisticated and make extra efforts, while you can always find out the exact indicator of air humidity in the apartment.

Too much moisture is bad too.

Even the ancient Greek doctors said that everything is good in moderation. This also applies to the level of water vapor in the air of living rooms. The main problem that high humidity can cause is mold growth. Mold fungi can lead to chronic respiratory infections, worsen the condition of children suffering from bronchial asthma and allergies, and cause a decrease in skin problems, digestive and genitourinary systems.

Studies have shown that improper use of humidifiers increases the risk of developing asthma in adolescents.

Do not forget that a warm, humid environment contributes to the spread of some pathogenic fungi and bacteria.

A comfortable atmosphere in the nursery is essential for the health and well-being of every baby. It is not surprising that parents strive to maintain optimal air temperature and humidity at home.

However, fearing that the baby will freeze, some adults try to warm it by any means, allowing overheating by improper actions.

That is why it is so important to know what the temperature in the room for a newborn should be, and adjust its parameters for your baby.

One of the main features of the baby is the high rate of metabolic processes in his body, even during sleep. During metabolism, a certain amount of heat is released, requiring release into the environment.

In the human body, heat exchange is carried out in two ways - with the help of the respiratory system and through sweating:

1. In the first case, the child breathes air whose temperature is lower than body temperature.

The air masses, having passed through the "air duct" and the lungs, begin to heat up in order to carry away excess heat with exhalation. If the air temperature is significantly lower than the temperature of the child, then heat transfer increases.

2. The process of perspiration is also important for the functioning of the human body. The increased temperature "blocks" the respiratory mechanism, which is why sweating is activated.

The excretory system of the baby produces fluids that enter the skin and remove the salts necessary for the body.

As a result, the child begins to overheat, the symptoms of which are:

drying of saliva, which is fraught with the occurrence of candidiasis (thrush);
the appearance of crusts and scabs in the nasal passage, making it difficult to breathe normally;
problems with the tummy, since the lack of fluid does not allow the organs of the gastrointestinal tract to absorb milk (gastric juice thickens);
the occurrence of diaper rash - redness of the skin under the diaper and in the folds (this is how the baby's skin reacts to salty sweat secretions).

The increased sweating process is extremely dangerous for the child's body, because in special situations there is such a severe loss of fluid that emergency hospitalization is carried out to eliminate it and intravenous infusions are prescribed.

Hypothermia is just as dangerous for a child, as the risk of colds increases, fraught with the most serious undesirable consequences.

Signs of hypothermia in a child's body are:

cold hands and feet;
bluish skin tone in the area of the nasolabial triangle;
pale skin.

To exclude both of these conditions - overheating and hypothermia - parents need to maintain normal air temperature and humidity so that the baby feels as comfortable as possible.

You should not rely on the advice of experienced mothers or grandmothers when it comes to the health of the baby. Moreover, pediatricians and neonatologists have long determined the main physical parameters for a children's room.

So, according to their research, the room temperature for a healthy newborn should be between 18-22 degrees. You can control these indicators with the help of a thermometer near the baby's crib.

However, this is not all, since the optimal room temperature in the apartment depends on several conditions:

For normal sleep and rest in the summer it is necessary to keep the temperature within 18 degrees. To prevent overheating, most likely, you will have to purchase an air conditioner.
With the beginning of the heating season, the temperature in the room of a tiny newborn changes significantly, however, as does the humidity. If during the period of activity of children the temperature regime can be in the range of 23-24 degrees, then for sleep, you can use the air conditioner to bring the indicators up to 18-20 degrees (this is the norm).
In general, it is especially important to exclude overheating of the child during sleep. Normal room temperature at night should not exceed 22 degrees. In an excessively overheated room, the child will not sleep comfortably, stuffy, so babies will wake up and cry.

In addition, the personal characteristics of the baby should be taken into account: someone will be able to sleep at 19 degrees, while for other children this room temperature will seem too cold. That is why every mother should keep track of whether the legs of a baby are cold and whether it is wet during sleep.

You should also take into account the fact that the above temperature indicators are only suitable for children born on time.

A premature baby needs to create special conditions, since he has poorly developed thermoregulation. Therefore, the room temperature for a premature newborn is 25 degrees.

It is important to observe the temperature regime not only for the room in which the child sleeps and rests, but also in the bathing room. Some parents are sure that a child up to five years old can and should be bathed in a heated room. However, they are wrong.

If you bathe the baby in a hot room, then after moving to a cool bedroom, the baby may get cold and catch a cold. Therefore, you should not specifically overheat the room for swimming.

If you want to harden the baby from birth, gradually accustoming to low temperatures, on the contrary, after bathing, do not rush to dress him in numerous clothes, but arrange an air bath for him.

In order for the temperature in the room for the newborn to correspond to the optimal indicators, it is necessary to establish which “weather” is more suitable for your child. You can not worry about overheating and hypothermia if:

the child feels normal, behaves calmly during sleep;
the child's skin is dry, redness is not observed;
the limbs of the child are warm, he is not covered with goosebumps;
breathing and heartbeat are not too fast.

When the air temperature differs significantly from the normative indicators, it is necessary to immediately begin to optimize the home microclimate.

Your actions will depend on how many degrees in the room - too much or too little.

If the house is hot and stuffy, then you can:

regularly ventilate the room (3-4 times a day), taking the child to another room at this time or going out with him for a walk;
install the air conditioner away from the child - in another room or at a distance from the baby (it should not fall under the directed air jets of the air conditioner);
batteries bursting with heat are covered with thick blankets, bedspreads, blankets that trap heat inside;
remove extra clothes from the baby - you can leave the baby in one diaper;
constantly supplement the child with water to prevent overheating and reduce the risk of dehydration;
often bathe the baby in a little cool water;
get rid of various bedside canopies, which are not only a dust collector, but also disrupt heat transfer.

If the temperature regime is low, the child is cold, it is necessary to purchase a heater that cannot be placed next to the crib in order to avoid undesirable consequences.

If the room temperature exceeds 20 degrees, in addition to turning on the air conditioner, it is also necessary to monitor the “suit” of the baby. You don’t need to wear a hat and socks for him, an ordinary vest shirt will suffice, and a bodysuit is best.

Since a child wrapped in diapers cannot warm up with movement, it is necessary to dress him a little warmer to avoid hypothermia.

It is believed that swaddling somewhat violates the natural heat transfer, so the baby is definitely not threatened with overheating.

The child also practically does not move in a dream, which is why he is usually additionally covered, however, you first need to check the temperature regime. At rates above 18 degrees, wadded blankets are not recommended.

Remember that in a room where the air conditioner is on, and you are a little cool, the child, on the contrary, is warm and comfortable.

Before dressing him in numerous clothes, touch the limbs - if they are warm, then the baby is warm. If the skin is reddish, moist, then the child is hot.

Air humidity

Another important indicator of a normal microclimate is air humidity.

Most often, the apartment is rather dry, especially with the beginning of the heating season. That's why parents need to maintain ideal humidity - about 50-70 percent.

You can find out its indicators using a special device.

If the air is too dry, you can fix the situation by purchasing a quality humidifier. Unable to buy an automatic device? Raise your humidity levels with these grandma's methods:

place jars or basins of water around the crib;
install an open aquarium next to the child;
hang wet towels on the radiators.

So, the optimal temperature in the room of a healthy newborn usually does not exceed 18-20 degrees. Ideal humidity levels are between 50 and 70 percent.

Such parameters are important for the well-being, mood and health of the little man. It is in your power to create for him the best conditions for normal growth and development!

Hello, I'm Nadezhda Plotnikova. Having successfully studied at SUSU as a special psychologist, she devoted several years to working with children with developmental problems and advising parents on raising children. I apply the experience gained, among other things, in the creation of psychological articles. Of course, by no means do I pretend to be the ultimate truth, but I hope that my articles will help dear readers deal with any difficulties.