How to strengthen the wall of a house from a bar. Find and neutralize: strengthening the foundation with your own hands How to strengthen the old foundation of the house

Dilapidated buildings after a long period of operation require repair. This applies not only to the walls and roof of a brick or wooden structure, but also to the supporting base. Reinforcement will be required for the base of the structure that is underground and in case of an increase in the number of storeys, which was not planned during the construction phase. Climatic conditions (soil heaving) and humidity have a detrimental effect on the support of the cottage. The expiration of the established service life will lead to the formation of cracks, entailing the need to strengthen the foundation of the old house.

The building has a longer operational period than its foundation. Many buildings built over 30 years ago have a shallow base that will need reinforcement. For different types of basic structures, there are specific features of their restoration and ways to strengthen the building. This work is not very difficult, you can do it yourself, but in some cases you will need to use special equipment.

Ways to strengthen the foundation under the house and the reasons for its destruction

The owners of the cottage may notice that the foundation has begun to crumble or cracks lie along it. This is a sign of the destruction of the foundation of the old house and a signal that it needs to be strengthened. If appropriate measures are not taken, the building may sag or tilt to one side.

The foundation of a new house can also sag if, during its construction, construction standards, the norms for calculating the amount of materials and the depth of laying are violated.

It is necessary to ensure that the construction is carried out correctly:

no mistakes were made at the stage;
the technology of laying the house was correctly carried out;
all additional structures were provided in time, creating pressure on the base, the strengthening of which is not enough;
soil features are taken into account: the depth of groundwater, the degree of freezing of the soil, etc.;
earthworks were not carried out close to the house, which could damage the foundation.

There are basic rules, following which, it will be possible to avoid damage to the support of the structure and not nullify its strengthening. It is possible to revive the construction of a stone, wooden, frame structure without deforming the walls if:

the foundation is strengthened gradually, in parts. You can not begin to strengthen the opposite side of the perimeter if the base is not completely dry. In time, this process can take up to a week;
the perimeter of the building must be conditionally divided into parts 2.3-3 m long. Work is carried out in turn in each section.

There are several ways to strengthen an old cottage: traditional, shotcrete, reinforced concrete shirt, pile and others. The traditional way of dealing with building deformation has been known for more than 100 years, and has only changed since then thanks to the advent of new technology. Its essence has remained unchanged. An innovative method allows you to increase the stability of the support of the house by introducing special reagents into the soil around the building.

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The technology of increasing the strength of the structure using shotcrete

Destroyed can be reanimated by gunning. Works are carried out using shotcrete. The design is very durable, its service life is increased significantly. But to carry out the work, you will need special construction equipment, which people who have some skills in construction can use with their own hands. The process is costly. By strengthening the building with shotcrete, it is possible not only to significantly increase the strength of the support, but also to achieve watertightness of the foundation without additional waterproofing.

In order to successfully strengthen the base of the structure using shotcrete, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:

concrete cannon;
shovel;
cart for removal of excess soil;
perforator or jackhammer;
metal brush;
concrete mixture (3 parts sand, 2 parts cement, 1 part crushed stone, 2 parts water).

The surface shotcrete method consists in applying a protective mixture under pressure to the external and internal horizontals and verticals of a brick base. The necessary strengthening of the weakened surface of the masonry of the old structure is carried out in several stages.

A trench 1-2 m wide is dug around the perimeter of the house.
It is necessary to clean the foundation from dirt and crumbling mortar.
It will be necessary to make notches on the masonry surface with a depth of 10-15 mm to increase the adhesion of concrete.
Around the building, formwork made of plywood or boards is installed in trenches.
The concrete mixture is applied under pressure using a concrete gun.

To reduce the cost of the work described above, cementation technology can be used. To do this, small wells are cut in the support under the building. They are filled with a cement mortar of a not very thick consistency. Properly performed actions can increase the strengthening of the structure. The support becomes monolithic, capable of withstanding additional loads - the house will stand for more than a dozen years.

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An economical way to repair the base of the cottage

It is not always possible to involve teams of builders and additional equipment in the work. There is a classic method to reinforce the structure of an old building. You can do it with your own hands, even alone. The method described below is applicable for block foundations.

The principle is to build a new support base for the old building. You will need tools that are in the arsenal of any person involved in the arrangement of their territory:

welding machine (you can get by with wire for fasteners);
hammer;
Bulgarian;
wire cutters for fittings;
roulette;
shovel.

In addition to tools, you need to take care of the availability of the required amount of materials:

wire for connecting rods, if there is no welding;
reinforcement bars for the frame of the new foundation;
sand, gravel, cement, water (the mixture for the concrete pad is prepared in the same proportions as for shotcrete).

You need to start work with strengthening the main load-bearing departments of the building - the corners of the building. To do this, a trench is dug along the corners of the house, which exposes the foundation to the width of a square with a side of 1 m and to a depth below the old support by 0.5 m. For corner supports, a reinforcing cage is made with a cell pitch of 20x20 cm. supports.

The rebar frame is immersed in corner trenches and poured with durable concrete for the construction of supporting structures. If necessary, encircling reinforcement can be made around the entire perimeter of the cottage. The work must be carried out in stages, filling areas up to 2 m long. This will allow you to properly withstand the technological process, to make a qualitative reinforcement of an outdated, cracked base with your own hands.

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Reinforced concrete jacket for strip foundations

The device of a reinforced concrete shirt is an ideal tool that allows most summer cottages built of wooden and stone material to rest. Strengthening will strengthen not only the foundation, but also the walls of the structure.

To build a reinforced concrete shirt under the power of a summer resident with his own hands. For this you will need:

anchors for the construction of a reinforced concrete cage;
reinforcement rods;
metal brush or perforator;
bricks.

Work on the restoration of the housing base should begin with digging a trench around the house with a width of at least 1 m. The foundation is cleaned and waterproofed with bitumen. On it you need to make recesses for good adhesion of the wall with cement mortar.

Anchors are inserted into the wall, a brick wall is built around the perimeter of the building, which acts as a fence. A concrete mixture is poured between the masonry and the wall, consisting of 3 parts of sand, 1 part of crushed stone, 2 parts of cement and water. Strengthening should harden from 5 to 7 days. After a properly maintained cement drying time, the dwelling will be reliable and durable.

Many residents of private homes sooner or later face such a problem as. This is due to shrinkage of the house, fatigue of materials. If the foundation has served for more than 10-15 years and has already exhausted its resources, then it's time to update and strengthen it on your own. It is very good if you built the basis of the house with your own hands and know how everything was done, what frame structures are inside and what materials were used.

You can strengthen the old foundation by making a reinforcing cage, which is installed at the corners, and even better around the entire perimeter, and poured with concrete.

Having noticed that the window openings are warped, and deep cracks have gone in the base of the house, you need to start strengthening the fundamental part of the building. To do this, you can invite specialists, or you can tackle the problem yourself. You should first analyze the state of the foundation of your house in order to understand which of the ways to strengthen the base will be the most effective and optimal in your particular situation.

Causes of the destruction of the foundation of the building

Virtually anything can cause the foundation of a house to collapse, from damage to materials to the presence of a building in close proximity to your home. Here are the main prerequisites that can take place:

Scheme of destruction of the foundation: (forces: a - gravity, b - soil resistance, c - frost heaving): 1. Subsidence of the soil; 2. Pushing out the foundation; 3. Frosty swelling; 4. Overturning of the foundation.

Failure to comply with the technology of the process of building a house during its construction, as well as the use of low-quality materials, which leads to rapid wear of the foundation.
The construction of the house took place without taking into account the characteristics and composition of the soil, which led to the wrong selection of construction technology and the choice of the wrong materials.
Possible errors in the calculation of the load on the foundation during its laying.
A change in the level of groundwater, namely an increase, including abundant soil moisture (for example, a spring flood).
The heterogeneous composition of the soil, the movement of the soil can also lead to the need to strengthen the foundation.
Carrying out land or construction work in the immediate vicinity of the house, for example, laying pipes, building another house.
Possible freezing of clay soil, which is very common if the foundation was laid with errors, according to a technology that was never followed.
A thorough redevelopment of the house, which involves the displacement or transfer (destruction) of the bearing walls.

Before that, it is necessary to understand the reasons for its shrinkage and be sure to eliminate them. If you do not do this, then the same thing can happen with the new base as with the old one.

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Where do you need to start?

It is better to start by determining how you are going to strengthen the foundation of your house. There are three main methods for strengthening the foundation:

Classic way.
Reinforced concrete shirt.
Piling method.

All of them are often used in construction work, each has its pros and cons, as well as "indications". You should choose one or another method based on your own preferences, financial capabilities. First, collect all the tools and materials that you may need to strengthen the foundation. Here is a list of such tools:

Bulgarian.
Welding machine.
Roulette construction.
Special wire cutters.
Construction hammer.
Reinforcing cages or twigs.
Piles to strengthen the foundation.
Concrete mix.
Rubble.
construction gloves.
Shovel.
Wooden beams.
waterproofing material.

Having prepared everything you need, you can get down to business. Next, all three ways of how to strengthen the foundation will be considered in order to understand the features of each of them.

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Strengthening by the classical method

This is one of the most economical methods that has already been tested for centuries, and therefore you can be 100% sure that such a foundation will last for many more years. To implement this type of work, you will not need new materials and technological tools, it will be enough that you have already provided and prepared. The essence of the work is to create a new one around, thereby strengthening it and making it more durable and protected. To begin with, it follows from all corners of the house to give them rigidity. The new layer of the foundation of the house must have a width of at least 1 m, and go half a meter lower in depth than the old layer.

Now you can, armed with the necessary tools, make a reinforcing cage for corner joints. After their manufacture, lower them into prepared pits and fill them with high-quality and durable concrete. At this stage, saving on cement mortar is not worth it, because it should serve you for many years. Work must be carried out very quickly so that bare areas do not remain so for too long. If the work will be carried out around the entire perimeter of the house, then each section must be done in stages. Until one segment dries, it is not recommended to proceed to the next.

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Reinforced concrete shirt as a way to strengthen the foundation

This type of work assumes that not only the old foundation will be strengthened, but also the walls of your house. To do this, special anchors are built into the walls and foundation, into which concrete is poured. Before strengthening the foundation, it is necessary to waterproof the prepared foundation with the help of special tools. The next step is the arrangement of a brick wall, which is the most reliable material in this situation. Strengthening the foundation in this way is the best way to secure your home.

Along with this, the method of broadening the foundation is also used, which involves adding it from all sides. First you need to measure and mark everything on the grip, after which you can alternately tear off the old foundation through the grip itself. The surface must be cleaned of construction and other debris, after which, at the place where the old foundation is located, or rather around it, dig a trench and fill it with rubble. Now you can drill holes in the base into which the metal pins will be installed. The next step is to install the beams between the brick wall and the base.

This way to strengthen the foundation of the house should bring very good results. Even significant damage to the foundation can be corrected by strengthening the base in this way. After carrying out all the above works, it is necessary to install the formwork in the trench and pour it with concrete. This way you will get a fully reinforced foundation of your house, even affecting the walls, which will provide even more protection from destruction.

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Strengthening the house with piles

Another method that simply cannot be passed by, because it is used in cases where the foundation is very badly destroyed and its strengthening is an urgent need.

If there are problems with the soil, for example, its shrinkage or an increase in the level of groundwater, then it is best to strengthen the base of the building by installing special piles.

The work is quite difficult, requiring attention, but the results are very good. Piles can be installed along the perimeter of the old foundation, or under it. Here it is necessary to find an individual solution by studying different ways to strengthen the basis of the house.

There are several ways to strengthen houses with piles:

The bored method, the essence of which is to punch wells around the entire perimeter of the building inside and out. They are stuffed with rebar and filled with concrete. The depth of each well must be at least two meters, and the distance between them must be maintained at 1.5 m. These piles are attached to the house with reliable anchor bolts.
The indentation method, it is used in cases where the houses are already quite old and it is impossible to apply excessive physical force and pressure to them. In this case, the piles are not driven into the foundation, but are slowly and gradually pressed into place. This is done with the help of special equipment, since it is simply impossible to carry out this type of work on your own.
screw method. This is the most common method that is used when you need to strengthen the foundation, it is the most effective. In order to install the piles, you will need outside help, as a couple of working hands are not enough.

There are some nuances that you need to familiarize yourself with before you decide to strengthen the basis of a private house in this way:

First you need to carefully study the old foundation, since the choice of one or another method of installing piles depends on its condition. If the base is very old and can collapse at any time, then it is better to choose the method.
Many are interested in whether it is possible to perform such work on their own, the answer is obvious: in most cases, you will need special equipment that was created specifically for such purposes. Of course, you can do all the accompanying work yourself.
Most often, screw piles are used to strengthen the foundation of houses. This is a convenient and effective method that requires the participation of special equipment and tools.
If you need to strengthen the foundation of the tape type, then it is better to start by balancing the impact of underground forces. This is done by increasing the area of the base of the house.

Due to the absence of scheduled preventive repairs for a long time or under the influence of high loads, the destruction of the foundation begins. If the walls are strong enough, then the owners of the house decide to repair the foundation with their own hands. This makes it possible to extend its service life and save money.

Strengthening the foundation of a private house is carried out by several methods, most of which do not require specialized knowledge and the availability of technical capabilities. Professional builders need to be involved only in some difficult cases.

Features and preparation

Strengthening the foundation must be done in two cases: when signs of deformation of the structure are identified and if it is planned to add floors. Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully analyze the condition of the house, assess the degree of destruction of the foundation or the likelihood of damage in the near future, and only after that begin strengthening work.

Establishing causes

As a rule, professionals with specialized equipment are invited to identify defects. But you can do the work yourself if you correctly assess all the reasons and follow the step-by-step guide to increase the strength of the foundation. In no case, when defects are detected, they can not be ignored, otherwise in the future the inevitable replacement of the foundation will be very expensive.

It is possible to determine the primary stages of destruction by several obvious or hidden signs.

Obvious signs are easy to see with the naked eye and include:

deformed areas on the floor surface;
change in the level of the soil and the formation of dips around the base;
the appearance of defects on the outer cladding of the house or its destruction;

the occurrence of cracks on the basement and walls;
minor local damage in the building itself and in the adjacent area.

With invisible defects it is more difficult, special equipment will be needed here. Nevertheless, if at least something worries you, for example, a part of the decorative plaster on the plinth or facade has peeled off, or the soil around the house has slightly subsided, invite specialists. Thus, you protect yourself from more serious consequences. Experts will quickly determine the cause and advise on ways to eliminate it. And you can fix the problem yourself if you wish.

There are many reasons for the destruction of the foundation of the house.

The main ones are:

initially incorrect calculation of the load on the base;
large-scale earthworks being carried out nearby;
violation of foundation construction technology;
soil freezing;
poor quality of waterproofing of the base or its absence;

excessive savings in construction, for example, the use of low-quality building materials;
change in soil properties since the construction of the building;
constant vibrations (the house is located near the railway);
improper operation of the structure (lack of heating in winter);
increased pressure on the foundation due to redevelopment of the house or its reconstruction;
missing or improperly made drainage.

In addition to all of the above, the impact of the environment affects: minor ground fluctuations, sudden warming, temperature fluctuations, very long rains and large amounts of snow. As a result of this, the level of groundwater rises, and the processes of heaving of the soil are born.

In any case, it is impossible to predict all the disastrous consequences of natural collapses, but it is necessary to calculate the risks even at the stage of designing a house.

Damage analysis

What will be the strengthening of the foundation, to a greater extent depends on the type of soil. What soil prevails on the site must be determined first.

It is also necessary to carry out a number of research procedures that will help determine the characteristics of the work:

First, it is worth examining the old foundation - the structure, the depth of occurrence, the materials used.
Then perform an overhead survey. It makes it possible to establish the load on the foundation, to detect distortions and cracks.

Any old foundation only gets stronger with time.

Whether it is worth strengthening it can be determined by the following signs:

House donkey more than allowed values.
A source of intense vibrations appeared near the building or inside it.

In order to properly strengthen the foundation of the house with your own hands, you need to accurately determine whether the structure has shrinked. This is implemented quite simply: markers (gypsum beacons) must be placed across each crack formed on the foundation. If during the month they are deformed, you can get to work. Ways to strengthen the foundations are quite diverse, so they should be divided into several groups.

Base unloading

The final phase of the preparatory work is the unloading of the foundation, which can be either partial or complete. This is an important stage, which does not allow distortions during strengthening work. Partial unloading. It is carried out by installing temporary wooden supports, as well as metal and wooden struts.

To begin with, on the ground floor or in the basement, support pillows are laid at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the wall, a support beam is placed on them, and racks are fixed, which then need to be connected with a beam to the ceiling and using wedges with a support beam.

For complete unloading of the base, the installation of rand beams (metal strapping beams) will be required. Under the butt row of the brickwork of the wall, grooves are punched on each of the two sides, into which it is necessary to place rand beams every two meters and tie them together with bolts (20-25 mm). The places where the rund beams are connected to each other must be welded with overlays, and the distance from the wall to the rund beam should be filled with a solution of cement and sand.

In the lower part of the wall, near the upper edge of the foundation, through holes are punched through 2-3 m, into which the transverse beams are inserted. Under each transverse beam, two support pillows are arranged. The base under the pillows must be compacted.

Design

Before starting the development of a foundation reinforcement project, it is necessary to carry out a technical survey of the structure, which, among other things, should include an analysis of the reasons explaining the inadequate bearing capacity of the foundation and base soil. Technical inspection is carried out comprehensively. Any survey begins with a review of the available design and executive documents relating to both the building itself and the territory on which it is located.

The very check of the house (both its aboveground and underground parts) includes:

determination of the scheme of mutual arrangement of the main load-bearing structures of the building elements;
measuring work;

technical certification of structures, including the foundation;
establishment of physical and mechanical characteristics of construction materials and soil;
establishment of planned and actual loads;
detection of defects and the reasons for their occurrence (for example, the foundation burst and a crack went along the wall).

Additionally, to complete the picture at the pre-project stage, the results of deformation and geodetic monitoring may be required.

Main types and methods

Strengthening the foundation can be carried out by various methods, depending on the degree of destruction of the base, material and many other factors. In addition, the cause of the destruction of the structure is of no small importance.

From weathering

Protection of the foundation from weathering is carried out during chemical and physical weathering of the foundation material, when the weathering processes affect the masonry superficially, and there are no through cracks in the foundation. As a rule, this happens if the foundation is made of brick or rubble masonry, which has low strength and water resistance.

Chemical weathering can occur when the stability of cement or a substance added to the binder mass against aggressive environmental influences is unsatisfactory.

To restore the surface of the foundation, shotcrete (plastering with a cement solution) is used on the cleaned (prepared) side surface of the foundation or shotcrete on a steel mesh fixed on its side surface.

If the weathering processes have covered the entire thickness of the foundation, it is necessary either to cement the masonry, thereby strengthening the existing foundation, or to strengthen the foundation with clips, restoring the bearing capacity of the foundation.

Strength due to expansion

This method is quite difficult to do with your own hands, but several people are able to solve this problem. The sole is a reinforced concrete pillow that serves as a support for the base. First of all, it is necessary to mark the foundation every 2.5-3 meters, excavate the soil on the sides of the base and under it.

It is necessary to lay a reinforced screed under the foundation, fill it with a solution that must be distributed evenly, and remove air bubbles. This will require a vibrator for concrete. On the sides, the sole must be raised approximately 15 cm above the plinth.

Injectable

Strengthening the foundation with a method such as injection is one of the most innovative methods. You can't do it with your own hands. To implement this method, special equipment is required. The essence of the technology lies in the fact that wells with a diameter of 16-24 cm are drilled from different sides in the foundation at an angle (approximately 45), the diameter is selected depending on the conditions. The depth of the wells varies depending on the characteristics of the soil. For a more reliable strengthening of the base of the house, it is recommended to drill to solid layers of soil. After that, the wells are filled with a solution.

Drilled injection piles made of reinforcement are placed in wells filled with mortar. In them, under a pressure of 1-3 MPa, a cement mixture or concrete is poured. This process is referred to as "well testing".

As a result, the soil is compacted, the size of the pile increases by 5-10%. Saturation of the soil with cement or concrete mortar makes it possible to fill voids and pores, strengthens weak areas. Having hardened, the solutions deepen the laying of the base and contribute to an increase in the bearing capacity.

Shotcrete technology

As a result of using the above method, you get:

strengthening the soil under the house;
additional strengthening of the base with reinforced concrete piles.

Strengthening using shotcrete technology is an ideal option for restoring the foundation of a brick house. It is extremely difficult to implement such work with your own hands, it is better to entrust it to specialists.

If you are convinced that you are able to cope on your own, then you will need:

perforator;
installation for applying concrete or mortar mixture (shotcrete gun);
cement, gravel and sand;
shovel.

Strengthening the foundation is carried out in 2 stages: initially work is carried out from one side of the base and only a week later they switch to the opposite side. Such a temporary pause makes it possible to strengthen the structure as much as possible.

Captured areas must be at least 2.5 m in length. A trench 2 m wide and 1.5 m deep is dug, the masonry freed from the soil is cleaned, and notches are applied to it, about 1.5 cm deep.

You can also apply an overhead frame of reinforcing bars (if you want to increase the number of storeys of the building).

They make a mortar of concrete by mixing cement, sand, gravel and water and apply it to the foundation by means of a shotcrete gun, filling all cracks and crevices. Reinforcement using shotcrete technology is one of the optimal strengthening schemes, because it significantly increases not only the bearing capacity of the base, but also its moisture resistance.

pile

Reinforcement with pressed piles

There are circumstances when drilling of wells is not feasible due to the properties of the soil, the condition of the house, or the ban on work accompanied by vibration and noise. In such situations, depressed piles are practiced. Strengthening the foundation of a brick house can be carried out just with the help of such piles.

The technologies of pressed and bored piles are very similar. The difference is that in our case, piles ready for driving are used, they do not need to be poured with concrete with your own hands.

The use of such pile foundations makes it possible, if necessary, to completely transfer the load to a new foundation.

Screw piles

Strengthening the base of the house with screw piles differs from the use of the piles described above in that after screwing the pile into the soil, it will no longer be possible to adjust its position.

As a result, two technologies are used:

"Bulls"– 2 inclined piles are screwed in from different edges of the foundation strip. To make access from inside the building possible, the floors will have to be dismantled in places, the tape is squeezed by piles and will not sag.
Classical amplification method - in MZLF(shallow strip foundation). Through holes are made with a diamond drill, the piles are screwed vertically from both edges (as close as the walls of the house allow), the house is raised with jacks, an I-beam or a channel is placed in the hole, the ends of which are welded to the piles.

With the help of ebbs or clips

According to this technology, the foundation can be strengthened by means of ebbs, reinforced concrete jacket or clips.

Strengthening by ebbs

This method of reinforcement is relevant for a foundation made of buta or brick.

Procedure:

Reinforced concrete sills are used instead of a reinforcement frame. They must be installed from 2 sides and pressed so that their top does not touch the wall, and the lower segment is opposite.
Next, you need to fix the structure with jacks and screeds, dig trenches with grabs up to 2 meters.
The space between the tides and the wall is filled with mortar.

Clip Reinforcement

The method consists in constructing a reinforced concrete or concrete casing along the outdated foundation, which is connected to the old foundation by drilling channels in the ground and laying reinforced concrete beams or reinforcement. This significantly increases the bearing capacity of the foundation; also, due to the increase in the support area, the settlement of the building decreases. Reinforced concrete cages are subdivided into broadened and vertical structures. In broadened clips, the lower segment is displayed outside the boundaries of the main contour of the wall at a distance equal to its thickness.

The installation of a reinforced concrete cage is carried out in the following order:

Along the perimeter of the contours of the foundation, a trench is dug 2-5 meters wide and with a depth equal to the depth of the foundation.
The foundation is cleaned of soil, and holes for reinforcing bars are drilled in it in a checkerboard pattern.

Rods with a diameter of 15 to 20 mm are hammered into these holes so that they look out of the walls of the base by 20-25 cm.
At the ends of the rods, a double-circuit frame of reinforcement is constructed, on which sheet metal is fixed by welding, which acts as a formwork for pouring concrete with a solution.
A mortar is pumped inside the formwork, after which the ditch dug around the perimeter is covered with earth after hardening.

The method of strengthening the base with a reinforced concrete jacket is also used. This design is distinguished from the cage only by the area surrounding the foundation: the cage closes along the entire contour of the foundation, and the shirt is practiced to strengthen some defective areas.

Strengthening the tape base

The foundation of most private houses is a tape-type foundation. The properties of such bases have the technical ability to locally exceed the loads allowed by the regulations. This type of foundation is capable of experiencing local heaving of the soil. All types of foundations are built on bedded rubble stone. When it settles, it is important to stop this process in time.

To strengthen the strip foundation, a hole is dug at an angle of 35 degrees in direct proximity to the base. Its depth should reach the level of laying bedrock. Then a pipe is placed in the dug hole, the diameter of which is 150-200 mm. Using a pipe, a concrete solution is poured with a low cement content and a high content of crushed stone or gravel (lean concrete).

Filling continues until the soil is completely saturated. At this stage, all work must be stopped for two hours. During this period, it is necessary to observe the behavior of the soil regarding its saturation with a solution. If the solution begins to leave, then it is necessary to continue filling the pit after a few days. According to practice, two or three repetitions of the process are required to completely saturate the soil. Monitoring of the situation is realized by means of beacons. In the case of a slight change in their position, they proceed to the next stage.

If a wall made of timber has led in your private house, using our article, you can independently strengthen it and correct this defect. Keep in mind that we used this method in a house that is already 5 years old. Shrinkage occurs in new houses, and it will be more difficult to level the wall. To avoid difficulties, when building a house, a pigtail must be made in the openings, since if the wall has already been led, it will be much more difficult to do this.

Strengthening the wall of a wooden house: materials and tools

Metal corner 60 mm
Screw "Capercaillie" with a hexagonal head 8 * 90 (one for each beam)

Washers reinforced M8 (by the number of screws)
Screwdriving oil (any machine oil will do)
Bulgarian
Drill

Wood drill 5*100 mm
Drill for metal 10 mm
Key nozzle for a drill 13 mm or any key for 13
Roulette
Pencil or marker

How to strengthen the wall of an old house from a bar

We measure the height of the opening and saw off a metal corner 10 cm larger than it.

We saw off one of the walls of the corner by 5 cm from each end, as shown in the photo. This is necessary so that you can fix the metal corner in the upper and lower bars.

Remember that when working with an angle grinder, you must follow safety precautions and use goggles or a special shield to protect your eyes!

We put a metal corner in the opening and drill holes with a diameter of 10 mm approximately in the center of the beam and at the ends of the corner. This is necessary to secure the corner on the upper and lower bars. You can drill directly in the doorway, or move it to a more convenient place where it is not scary to pour metal shavings.

Opposite the holes in the corner, we drill similar holes in the beam itself to a depth of 5 mm.

The corner is attached to the capercaillie screws. It is advisable to pre-dip the screws in oil - this will facilitate the tightening process.

First you need to tighten the screws, without tightening them all the way. This can be done with a drill if it is powerful enough. Don't forget to put on a reinforced washer for each screw.

After that, we alternately stretch the screws with a key, trying to ensure that all the bars are attracted to the corner and stand as evenly as possible.

It is important to stop in time and not tighten the screws too much, since the timber may initially be folded unevenly and fixed with dowels in this position, and excessive force may lead to the head of the screw breaking off.

The result is a reinforced and leveled wall of a house made of timber!

Under the moon, as you know, nothing is eternal. This also applies to the foundation of houses. The reasons for the appearance of openings skew, cracks and even the destruction of the foundation itself can be different: design errors, violations of construction technology, external influences, problem soils. But in any case, it must be urgently strengthened. It is easier to do this for the owner of the house, who built it himself and knows all the features. It will be more difficult for a person who has bought an already built house and he will have to understand the problem from scratch. Of course, you can turn to specialists who will help strengthen the foundation, but this can be done if your financial situation allows.

How to assess the condition of the foundation yourself

There is a "grandfather" way to evaluate changes in the state of the foundation. It consists in the fact that when cracks appear in the walls (first of all, this applies to brick houses), “beacons” of paper are glued onto the cracks that have appeared. Watching these "beacons" will show what is really happening. The paper is torn - the process of destruction continues and it is urgently necessary to carry out work to strengthen it.

If the "beacons" have not broken for a long time, there is no immediate threat, the foundation is no longer destroyed and you can limit yourself to sealing the cracks with cement mortar.

Possible preventive maintenance before strengthening works

Before proceeding directly to work to strengthen the problematic foundation, it is worth taking some preventive actions.

Strengthen the ground underneath. Soil behavior is usually the main cause of problems. The soil may be prone to heaving, which was not taken into account during construction. Or its insufficient bearing capacity was not taken into account, which led to subsidence of the soil under the weight of the house. Some of these problems with the soil can be removed by arranging platforms and insulating the foundation itself and the soil around it:

Make drainage protection

To do this, dig an annular trench around the house with a depth to the level where groundwater appears on your site.
Connect the trench with a moat to a drainage well. A well built of rings should preferably be located outside your site.
Line the bottom with geotextile, leaving a free end. Geotextiles should be permeable in one direction only. Pour a layer of rubble, lay a drainage pipe on this layer.
Connect the drainage well with a main pipe to a drainage pipe laid in a trench. Set the usual "plumbing" slope: 10 mm per 2000 mm pipe.
Fill the pipe with another layer of crushed stone and close this structure with the free end of the geotextile. Top the trench with drainage mixture.

Drainage will remove excess moisture from the site, which will reduce the swelling deformation. As a result, soil pressure will decrease and the negative impact of excessive moisture will decrease.

Important ! Be sure to reach the level of groundwater.

Insulate the foundation

Dig a trench around the house with a depth of about 200 mm and a width of 800 mm.
The bottom of the trench is covered with sand. Plates of extruded polystyrene foam are laid out on a layer of sand.
A shield-type formwork is mounted in the trench, which should protrude 100-150 mm above the ground.
Then the distance between the formwork board and the wall is reinforced with a mesh with 10x10 mm cells. To strengthen the brick foundation, pins are hammered into the masonry and a reinforcing frame is tied around.
This space is poured with M300 concrete with a slope of 10-20 mm from the foundation to the formwork shield.

Such protection protects the soil in this zone from precipitation and changes the depth of soil freezing.

How to strengthen the strip foundation of an old house

The main thing in the work to strengthen the old strip foundation is to achieve a balance of all the forces acting on it. This can be achieved by increasing its area.

Very important ! Such work should be carried out in stages and at first only on one side. You can not dig out the foundation at once from two sides and around the entire perimeter.

A section of the house up to 3000 mm long is selected, along which a trench is dug to the depth of the foundation of the house and with a width equal to its width. Holes for reinforcement are drilled in the old foundation. Formwork and a frame made of reinforcement for a new belt are mounted in the trench. This frame is tied with reinforcement installed in the prepared holes. The structure is poured with concrete. Burying this area is possible only after the concrete has completely dried. Then a new trench is arranged and work continues. After completing the work to strengthen the foundation on one side (external), you can proceed, if necessary, to these works from the inside.

How to strengthen the foundation of brick or cinder blocks

To solve this problem, it is required to build a one-piece belt belt from reinforced concrete. For this purpose, a trench breaks out with the depth of the pillow of the old foundation. The pillow must not be damaged. The width of the trench is approximately 500 mm, the trench should be dug at an angle of 35°. The old foundation (and the plinth, if necessary) is cleaned, damaged fragments are removed, then it is treated with a deep penetration primer. After that, holes for reinforcement are drilled in three rows in increments of 600 mm in the old foundation of the house. Reinforcement is welded horizontally to the driven anchors, on which a metal mesh is attached. Then, formwork is installed 150 mm from the grid and the structure is poured with concrete. Backfilling with soil is carried out after the concrete has completely dried. The result is a one-piece belt belt made of reinforced concrete.

How to strengthen the foundation of a wooden house

First, you need to examine the existing foundation, determine the nature of the damage and establish the amount of work required. It may require a complete or partial repair.

To carry out work with the help of jacks, they lift and repair or strengthen the existing foundation, up to its complete replacement. Observe safety precautions and jack up the house in such a way that the integrity of its structure is not compromised.