How to remake the oven in the house. Do-it-yourself brick oven repair: methods, features and tools

In terms of the complexity of construction, the classic Russian stove surpasses brick heaters of other designs, so without skills and practice it will not work to fold it with your own hands. The cost of construction is not inspiring either, because even a modern model of a hearth mini-stove will cost about 800 pieces. quality bricks. But due to their high efficiency (more than 60% efficiency) and heat capacity, these structures remain attractive to many homeowners. We also decided not to ignore them and give you detailed description laying a simple version of the stove, equipped with a stove bench.

We study the device and the principle of operation

On this moment The traditional Russian stove has undergone many improvements. There were options for heaters with a fireplace, a hob and an oven, as well as outdoor complexes - barbecues, built under sheds or in large gazebos. But the basis for all these structures is an old hearth stove with a chimney extended to the front. Its device is shown in detail in the diagram:

Reference. The approximate dimensions of the structure, most often built in ancient Rus', are 3 x 2 x 2.5 arshins or 2130 x 1420 x 1780 mm. The last number indicates the height to the top of the couch.

We list the design features:

The building rests on the foundation and guardianship - 4 walls with a cavity inside for storing household equipment or a portion of firewood - under the stove (otherwise - under the fire). Previously, the base was made of wood, now it is built of brick.
The body of the furnace consists of two compartments. The front one - a zagnetok - is a pre-furnace surface closed by walls, ending at the top with a chimney. The back part is an oblong furnace with an inclined hearth and a semicircular vault. The latter also leans towards the mouth at a certain angle.
The cavities between the outer walls and the crucible are filled with clean sand or a clay-sand mixture. The overlap above the top backfill plays the role of a couch.
In front and on the sides of the heater there are several small niches - stoves.
In the simplest version, the chimney is equipped with an inspection door and a damper (the old name is a view).

The movement of gases and heat in the firebox

The principle that the Russian stove uses when working is quite simple and at the same time effective. To the firewood burned in the crucible, air enters through the mouth and the opening of the fire, and the flow spreads along the lower part of the hearth, closer to the hearth. Lighter products of combustion move towards it along the upper zone, leaving the mouth into the smoke channel. How this happens is clearly shown in the figure above.

An important point. Efficient heating of heat-intensive walls and sand filling is achieved due to the inclination of the vaults and the hearth. Hot air cannot escape until it cools and becomes heavier. This principle is used in modern bell-type furnaces.

After the flame dies out, thick walls return heat to the room and the furnace for a long time, where you can make delicious pastries, prepare a variety of dishes or bake bread according to home recipe. For a detailed review, see the video:

We spread the Russian stove with a stove bench

Most difficult moment- masonry of the inclined vaults of the furnace. Therefore, to begin with, we propose to perform a classic design without additional elements - stoves, ovens, and so on. If you successfully build the stove shown in the photo, you will subsequently take on a more complex project at your own discretion.

The drawing below shows in section a relatively small stove measuring 1650 x 1270 x 1540 (couch height). Such a mini-structure will fit both into the interior of a country cottage, and into a small house in the country. Of the additional functions, there is only a stuffing box for heating the samovar and a stove on one of the walls (there can be more of them).

Construction is carried out in several stages:

Procurement of building materials.
Building a solid foundation.
Erection of the furnace body and chimney.
Drying and primary heating.

Now let's look at the whole process step by step.

Preparation of materials and fixtures

Before you make a small Russian stove with your own hands, you need to buy the following materials:

red full-bodied ceramic brick - 1650 pcs.;
valve having a "live" section of 26 x 24 cm;
cleaning door;
dry clay-sand mixture for laying stoves and fireplaces, based on the preparation of 70 buckets of mortar;
building materials for the foundation - cement M400, sand, roofing material;
basalt cardboard or felt;
roofing sheet.

Varieties of figured brick

Advice. You should not experiment and make a solution of clay and sand yourself if you are not an experienced stove-maker. The price of the finished building mixture is not so high as to save on the reliability of the structure.

In addition to the usual brick of standard sizes 25 x 12 x 6.5 cm, there is now a figured stone for sale, designed for laying arched vaults. It is divided into 2 types - a wedge-shaped brick and the so-called heel with one hewn edge, placed at the base of the arch.

To work, you will need the usual masonry tools: a trowel, a pickaxe, a wooden or rubber mallet, as well as a building level, tape measure and plumb line. In addition, before starting work, you need to make a template for laying the arched vault, which is a frame made of timber with circles and plank flooring. What a wooden fixture looks like is shown in the figure below.

Formwork for the formation of brick vaults

Pouring the foundation slab

As you understand, the Russian stove is a rather heavy structure. In our case, its weight will be 1650 x 3.5 = 5.8 tons (calculated by the weight of the brick). The base must be appropriate, therefore, at the construction site, it is necessary to dig a pit with dimensions of 180 x 140 cm, taking into account a protrusion of 50 mm in each direction from the dimensions of the heater. The depth of the pit is determined by the location of stable soil horizons, and even more simply, by the existing foundation of the house.

An important point. It is unacceptable to combine the furnace base with the foundation of the building. Provide a minimum indent of 10 cm, as shown in the photo.

The bottom of the pit is compacted, then covered with sand to a height of 100 mm and also compacted.
Prepare a very thin solution of cement and clay.
When filling the pit with rubble, spill all the cavities with mortar until you reach ground level.
Cover the resulting base in 2 layers with roofing material to avoid capillary rise of moisture from the soil. In other words, waterproof.

Serial masonry process

Before starting masonry work, a sheet of metal and basalt cardboard (or felt soaked in liquid clay) should be laid on the finished foundation. Then prepare a bucket of water and mix the solution according to the instructions on the packaging of the building material. If you do not have enough experience in the furnace business, then first read the general masonry recommendations outlined.

Now you can put a solid first row of the Russian stove, focusing on the order. Pay attention to how its corners are laid out of chipped bricks - three-fours. This is necessary to ensure the correct dressing of subsequent rows. Further, the walls of the guardianship and the arched opening of the ward are formed with the help of stones chipped at the corners. To lay out the 5th row, which includes a semicircular arch, install a wooden formwork in the opening. At the same time, the bricks of the two side walls are also cramped for the installation of a template that forms the arch.

On the sixth row, the sidewalls are laid out in half a brick, and the front and rear walls are laid out in a whole brick, after which the arch formwork is placed. A vault of wedge-shaped stones and heels is arranged on it, the body of the furnace is being erected in parallel. After laying the 10th row, the opening is carefully covered with sand.

Advice. If wedge-shaped bricks cannot be purchased, lay a vault of stones of standard sizes, wedging them with small fragments and mortar.

Row No. 11 is made solid in order to block the backfill, and the 12th forms a pod. The bricks that turned out to be the bottom of the firebox (crucible) are not bound by the solution. The next steps are the laying of the furnace walls and the installation of the formwork at the mouth of the fuel chamber.

In the 17th row, you need to cut 8 bricks under the large arch of the crucible, then put the formwork again and lay out the arch. Having reached the 20th row, the sanding operation is repeated.

Solid rows No. 21 and 22 are the basis of the bed. Further, the masonry continues only in the front part, where the cap and the chimney are finally formed.

On the 26th row, a door is placed, and on the 32nd, a valve. Above, the laying of a chimney pipe continues, diverting combustion products to the street.

In order to pass a wooden floor in compliance with fire safety standards, a cutting must be laid out on the chimney. This is an extension of the chimney, increasing the distance from the inner wall of the pipe to the wooden structures. The masonry cutting scheme is shown in order:

Drying and first kindling

If the Russian stove with a stove bench was laid out in compliance with the technology, including soaking bricks, then initially its walls contain a large amount of moisture. Removing it requires time and effort on your part, since you cannot immediately melt the stove to the maximum - the masonry will crack. It is necessary to wait 3 days for the initial drying of the solution, and then proceed in this order:

Open the door and make a small fire right on the view, fully opening the damper. So you dry the chimney and remove the airlock, due to which the stove will begin to smoke heavily into the room.
Place some brushwood in the crucible and set it on fire. Then keep a small fire going for 2 hours.
Repeat the operation daily for 2 weeks, gradually increasing the portions of firewood. A sign of complete drying is the absence of dark stains on the walls of the stove and chimney.

If cracks form in the masonry during the drying process, they must be carefully cut with a knife, and then filled with a thick solution of clay with water. The technology for building a brick heater is clearly demonstrated in the video:

Conclusion

If you have recently begun to master the stove business, our publication on the construction of a Russian stove will be useful in an introductory plan, so that you can imagine the volume and procedure of work. To get the most information, we recommend that you study the popular book by Gennady Fedorov “The Russian Stove”, and also work with an experienced stove-maker as an apprentice. Armed with theoretical and practical knowledge, you will definitely be able to take on such construction.

Structural engineer with over 8 years experience in construction.
Graduated from East Ukrainian National University them. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

Building a stove in a private house is a responsible and skill-requiring undertaking, which is recommended to be carried out under the guidance of an experienced stove-maker. Only he knows how to build a Russian stove: choose the right masonry scheme, choose a brick, prepare a mortar.

Even small miscalculations in order can turn into a disastrous result, so you need to follow the rules of work and regulatory requirements in construction.

Russian stoves may differ in size, shape and design features. According to one of the definitions, these are heating and cooking facilities with 2 fireboxes, designed, in addition to heating functions, to cook typical dishes and bake bread.

The process of burning firewood in the main firebox occurs as follows: the gases generated during the combustion of logs enter the 1st section of the sub-hearth chamber, then through special openings - podverki enter the 2nd section. After that, they move to the upper cooking chamber, from where to the collection channel and into the pipe.

When burning wood in a small firebox, the gases from combustion first enter the main firebox, from it into the pipe. Here you can use not only dry logs, but also bark, wood chips, branches and other waste.

The Russian stove has a lot of advantages, but it has one noticeable drawback: heat is released at the level of the hearth, that is, at a distance of about 0.9 m from the floor, which prevents the lower part of the room from heating

The basis for the construction is the foundation, usually 0.1 m larger than the size of the lower part of the Russian stove. Here, below, there is an under-furnace - free space for storing poker, tongs, spatulas and other equipment.

5 row differs in the installation of a grate, which is necessary to remove ash from the cooking furnace into the blower opening. Under should be laid out only from refractory bricks.

Scheme 5 rows and scheme 6-11 rows:

6-11 rows laid out according to one scheme with some differences:

6 row - installation of the main door of the furnace,

10 row - installation of a blower door for a small firebox,

11 row - grate for removing ash from a small firebox.

12-17 rows– additional installation work:

12 row - the door of a small firebox,

13th row - a 2-burner cooking stove made of cast iron (0.71 * 0.41 m), material - refractory bricks and steel strips for reinforcement. After that, arched openings of the inner and then the outer cooking chambers are laid out,

15 row - refractory bricks are placed on edge, a door for the cooking chamber (0.45 * 0.45 with a latch) is installed, the rest of the bricks are laid flat, interspersed with steel strips.

17 row - laid out of bricks laid flat, then 5 rows - a branch pipe, while a sheet of asbestos is laid between the last row and the ceiling.

Row charts from 12 to 17 (3-3), from 17 to 22 (4-4), from 22 to 27 (5-5):

A pipe laid out in 5 bricks (flat position) passes above the main structure of the furnace. For strength, it is connected in a dressing. Thus, it turns out 32 rows.

Stove with hot water boiler and stove bench

In addition to the simplest option with two fireboxes, they build complex Russian stoves with a stove bench, a boiler for heating water, with a firebox or a fireplace with their own hands. Consider the order of popular solutions that can be applied for self-construction.

Ordering greatly simplifies the laying, since the graphic image and description of each row shows exactly how the previous row differs from the next, what elements are needed at all stages.

Consider schemes for construction Russian oven with a boiler created in a computer program.

1 row sets the location of the entire structure, it is made solid from refractory bricks laid flat.

There was a stove in the dacha, and everything seemed to be fine, but the obsession did not leave: to make the heating better, since the heat from the stove spread unevenly around the house, that is, it was cold in the corners, and I wanted to come to a warm house in winter. It was decided to slightly alter the functional significance of the furnace. It's time to work, it remains to stock up on the necessary tools for cutting and carving, pipes. The author of the project has no experience with similar works, everything was done for the first time.

The area of the house is small, there are only two rooms: this is a small children's room 2x2 square meters, only pipes were laid there, and a large room (relatively) - 18 meters, there is one last battery in the corridor space, and the walls are not insulated there. The house is a warm timber with insulation. Regarding heating: if heated by electricity, the liquid will reach 50 degrees in 3 hours, and there the state of affairs will already depend on the frost on the street. This winter will be the first, but the goal was not to heat the house, but to warm it up before arrival in order to enter the already warm house. For example, if you program for Thursday, then by Friday evening the rooms will have to warm up to positive air temperature. At least a small plus will be better than a minus. Then bring a bundle of firewood, continue to heat - and the house will be completely warm in a short period of time.

At the moment, water is poured into the pipes, but it will be replaced by a special liquid for radiators, sold in a building supermarket for 20 liters - up to a temperature of -35 degrees. The boiler was factory welded from corrugated iron 4 mm thick.

What is needed for work

Here is what you will need to spend money on and prepare to start work. It is best to find / order / buy pipes, they may not be new, but it is better if they are made of galvanized metal. Batteries are needed - it can also not be new, for example, the author got it after a major overhaul from locksmiths who assembled and made pressure testing. We need a suitable boiler, a tie-in for electricity (conducting wires), a threading lerka, a die for 100 and a pipe holder, couplings and corners in large quantities, the pump became the most expensive thing, a programmable relay is needed, a 1.5 W heater and another ring under ten, that is, it is an adapter for welding a nut. An expansion tank should be bought immediately, 3 pieces of a Mayevsky valve to remove air from the system, a pressure relief valve with a pressure gauge. From the tool, you will need to prepare two gas wrenches, a drill, feathers instead of a drill for an inch pipe.

The whole assembly took two weeks, but after that the author realized that he had made some mistakes, he had to shift the pipes, engage in thread twisting, cutting. The system works with the help of a timer charged on the battery. And for heating there is a separate socket and an RCD. Wiring around the house of an external type with a wire 2.5. This is enough for security. There are no mice in the house, but just in case, the wiring between the walls is equipped with tubes.

Explanation of all system installation work

The pipes are filled with a special liquid for heating. Regarding the installation of the boiler: at first there was a stove, then the idea of \u200b\u200bheating the house arose, I did not want to disassemble the stove at all, hence the idea arose to sacrifice one burner. Heating with electricity is still expensive, and over time, you can install a controller.

Conclusions during operation

Several conclusions can be drawn after the first operation and the onset of cold weather. First, the first disappointments began to surface on the work carried out. There is a big minus of the location of the boiler on the stove, and the batteries begin to warm up when the fire occurs. It is necessary to mount the boiler in the stove. It turns out that the furnace is hot, but the boiler has already cooled down. There are no problems with electricity - everything works quite well. 1.5 W heating element will be enough for heating. With the transfer of the boiler to the furnace, it will be necessary to deal with the onset of the spring season.

If the boiler begins to be heated in a furnace without liquid, it can quickly burn out, this is how to put an empty pan on the fire and forget - everyone understands what will happen to it. There are two ways out of the situation. If you remake the stove, then you can put a damper, or fill in the liquid and not drain it. The author makes the last option - he will leave the liquid and sees no need to drain it. Do not cook on the stove, it serves only for heating. The system that is made serves well, but the boiler must be put into the stove, otherwise it will cool down very quickly. Electricity, on the other hand, is fine. The meter was changed to day / night, it became almost half the price of electricity. In the morning you can heat firewood with firewood, and it will be enough until the evening, then you need to heat it up a little more, and turn on the electricity before going to bed and set the regulator to 40 degrees. You can sleep warmly until morning.

If you install a heat exchanger inside the furnace, then only a gravity system is suitable for heating, there will be constant problems in the places where pipes pass through the walls of the furnace, and the expansion of brick and metal is very different from each other. As a result, it was concluded that it is best to have a full-fledged stove and make heating from propane. But in order to have full-fledged heating, it is worth having not one, but at least two stoves. One is simple, and the second is necessary for heating. Or make the stove and boiler separately. This is one of the possible options for how to make heating from the stove.

The author twisted the pipe several times and added batteries to the structural system in order to achieve a greater effect, but this did not lead to anything. It will be possible to try to build the tank into the stove instead of the oven, but I had to redo everything again. And at the moment the tank was reduced and placed above the level of the stove, the batteries were also changed to seven 7 sectional ones, and instead of 1.5 kW a 2.0 kW heating element was installed. Start is planned immediately after installation. Upon arrival, the stove is heated for the night, and you need to leave the system turned on. We also switched to a two-tariff meter at night for 1 kW, the amount became less. We can conclude that everything is working very well, there are some drawbacks - I would like to get away from the electric pump, since in the absence of electricity the tank will heat up, and there is no circulation. Too much needs to be redone again, although there is a pressure relief valve, and you can be calm about the system. Everything works well, just left a feeling of unfinished business.

The boiler is best mounted where there is a large heat output, that is, above the stove. If there is a pump in the system, you can not be afraid for poor circulation, as it will still be. The author tried to put the boiler in the oven, but it is not as warm as it seems.

Initially, the furnace is designed for a specific firing mode. If a boiler is inserted into a normal heating furnace, it will quickly overgrow with soot and fill it with condensate. If the register is removed from the furnace boiler, then the furnace will only heat the street, since its efficiency will drop to the level of a fire that has been overlaid with bricks. If there is an old stove, then you can hang the pipe and shift it to other needs, using any brick - either old or new.

Photo gallery of installation works

You can redo the stove with your own hands, however, for this you need to understand the features of dismantling the old structure, the stages of building a new fireplace and its decoration.

The stove, inherited from the grandmother, can be re-planned with your own hands into a fireplace. Practice has shown that a fireplace built from the old stove practically does not differ in performance - it also copes well with space heating. From the article you will learn how you can redesign a Russian stove into a modern fireplace.

What are the points to pay attention to?

There are two ways to remake the stove: call in specialists or build a fireplace with your own hands. When self-reworking, attention should be paid to:

Condition of the old heating structure. We pay special attention to the chimney - it must pass smoke well and not have problems with the cross section;
The old stove door does not fit modern fireplaces, so it will have to be redone. For redesigned equipment, you need to make a grill or glass door out of fire-resistant glass;
Examine the body of the stove. The absence of defects suggests that this part of it can not be redone. It should be noted that even small cracks in the body of the stove are considered irreparable defects, which, of course, need to be repaired.

Rework Options

The simplest way to remake is the method of expanding the structure. Its peculiarity is that the old stove will have to be cleaned well, and the equipment itself will have to be made more modern - to change the outdated finishing material to a new one.

The biggest difficulties arise with the redevelopment of the furnace of the old furnace. Experts advise using cast iron plates or fire-resistant bricks to cover the firebox.

Remodeling the oven completely is the most difficult task. Work begins with the complete dismantling of the entire structure. Then the foundation is considered. If its quality meets modern requirements, then it can not be dismantled. The old and cracked foundation will have to be redone.

It is worth noting that the complete dismantling of the building must also be carried out correctly:

The superstructure is completely dismantled from ceiling to floor;
Whole and good bricks are set aside (they can be used in the process of building a new structure);
The dismantling of the old furnace should not be accompanied by severe destruction of nearby walls and interior items;
Keep a close eye on the old firebox. In the process of dismantling, try not to damage its doors or chambers. Damaged equipment will have to be thrown away and new ones made.

Conversion Instructions

Converting a stove into a fireplace is possible only if you have the required tools and materials. Necessary tools: grinder, heavy hammer, trowel, spatula, building level. Necessary materials: 3-4 bags of cement, several buckets of clay, wall tiles, fire bricks, metal pipe.

Fireplace stove, fireplace stove. what is this design?

The fireplace is built strictly according to the drawing. The first step is to make space for laying the podium. At this point, you can redo the old foundation or build a small brick setting.

Sequencing

During the redevelopment of the furnace in the future fireplace, it is recommended to install tempered glass doors. Due to this material, it is possible to increase the heat transfer of future heating equipment by 20-30%.

Fireplace finish

To give the constructed structure a presentable appearance, it needs to be redone to modern requirements. If the old stoves did not need facing materials, then it is advisable to plaster the constructed fireplace or seal it with ceramic tiles. Do not forget about the base of the furnace. It can be decorated with decorative doors made of metal or fire-resistant glass.

It should be noted that the finishing of the firebox is not accompanied by exclusively decorative work. Also, do not forget about safety - it is better to cover the floor around the heating equipment with ceramic tiles or other non-combustible material. Behind the stove, the wall is also sealed with ceramic tiles or modern non-combustible materials.

Results

As you can see, the furnace is re-planned in several ways: simple and complex. It is clear that a complex method requires a lot of resources and time, but it's worth it. The constructed equipment will become a source of pride for the owners and a source of warmth and home comfort.

Video: Russian oven

No matter how strange it may sound, but quite often the question arises of how to convert a stove into a fireplace. There are several facts that require further clarification. Where did the oven come from in the 21st century? Why does it need to be redone? Is this possible, because the stove and fireplace are different devices?

Home

Where can you see the Russian stove

We will answer all your questions step by step. In our country, far from civilization, a huge part of the population lives. In the 1990s, there was a tendency for the villages to die out. Young people left their parents' homes and went to the city in search of a better life. Many buildings were simply abandoned.

Today, agriculture is gradually heading for recovery, which means that personnel are being attracted and housing is being provided. Many families with personal transport acquire country houses and move into them, continuing to work in the city.

Most village houses were equipped with stove heating. In order to dismantle the stove, it is necessary to re-lay the floor covering and seal the hole in the roof for the chimney. Not everyone had the desire and opportunity for this, so the symbols of warmth in the house and comfort, sung in Russian fairy tales, stand to this day.

Massive brick building

Gasification made it possible to install a burner in the stove and give the structure a second life. But the modern approach to refurbishment implies that there will be an alteration into a functional, stylish fireplace.

What will the reconstruction of the furnace give

The Russian stove in the house is installed in such a way as to warm up the maximum living area, and the location in the center was not ruled out. Now think about it, isn't this a modern style?

In our view, the stove has the image of a certain structure with uneven edges and whitewash, leaving marks on clothes in case of an accidental touch, and if you align the edges and use modern materials, then interesting projects already appear at a glance, which, according to the originality of the idea, will not yield to the leading design developments.

The massiveness of the furnace only benefits the future fireplace, since the latter will have excellent technical performance, and an increase in area has always led to an increase in efficiency. What field of activity is revealed for a novice designer.

The possibility of building island types, wall-mounted options, styling a room for the decoration of a peasant hut (a promising direction). All this awaits us after the conversion of the old stove into a modern fireplace.

rustic entourage

How is a stove different from a fireplace?

Now let's dive into the realities of the upcoming work and note their laboriousness and complexity of implementation in technical and theoretical terms. To understand how to make a fireplace from a stove, you need to determine all the types of work required. Only a real pro can do this, so the involvement of a master will most likely become a prerequisite. But for the sake of information, we will explain how to conduct a reconstruction analysis.