The best lemon varieties to grow indoors. Variegated Lemon Eureka Pink Lemon Eureka Description of the variety

The variegated variety of unshiu mandarin is represented by the yellow color of the leaves. The growth rate and taste are approximately the same as that of ordinary unshiu mandarin.

Eureka Lemon variegata is a fast-growing tree with thorns and dense foliage. The fruit is medium-sized, very sour, juicy, has few seeds and a thick peel. There are two forms - green and variegated. The variegated one is more valued for the beauty of its crown, but produces less fruit than the green one and is not as cold-resistant. The variegated Eureka lemon has striped fruits during ripening, and when fully ripe they can be completely yellow with pink flesh, fragrant, and pleasant to the taste. Both forms of the plant bloom several times a year.

This lemon is an analogue of the variegated Eureka lemon, which has gained great popularity among citrus growers. The young growth of the lemon “Foliis variegatis sanguineum” has a purple tint, which suggests the presence of anthocyanin in the tissues of the shoots. The leaves have white variegation, the fruits have stripes directed along the fruit. The growth rate of lemon is decent; this variety is remontant. And most importantly, the pulp of the “Foliis variegatis sanguineum” lemon has a pink tint.

The citrus Fortunella margarita "Centennial" is a variegated variety of kumquat. Some sources state that the variegated orangequat and Fortunella margarita "Centennial" are the same species. The origin of this variegated kumquat is not exactly known. There is an opinion that it is a seedling of the kumquat margarita, which grew from a seed pollinated with clementine or tangerine pollen. Based on this, this kumquat can actually be called an orangequat. The quality of the variegated kumquat fruit is excellent, the juice content in the fruit is higher and the peel is thinner compared to the regular margarita kumquat. The foliage is spotted with bright cream-colored spots; there are no thorns on the shoots. The fruits have tiger stripes of cream and green when young; when fully ripe the skin color is orange.

The Variegated Buddha's Hand citron (Citrus medica variegata) is one of the most sought after of all citrus varieties existing today due to the unusual shape of the fruit and beautiful variegated leaves. Large attractive leaves have a creamy ivory frame, a green center and light colors over the entire leaf blade. Although the variegated Buddha Hand variety grows more slowly than the regular Buddha Hand variety, the beauty of the leaves is worth the wait until the plant matures. The variegation of the leaves is consistent and, when the fruit appears, the lemon zest is the perfect combination of sweet and sour for use in cooking.

The Eureka Lemon is a stunning plant with glossy dark green foliage and fragrant white flowers and fruit growing from late spring to late summer. They are hardy in most areas of the UK (down to -5°C), so although they grow beautiful specimen plants in greenhouses there, these trees can be grown in a well-drained pot in a sheltered outdoor location.

Lemon Eureka does well in the fresh air

Description of Eureka lemon

Eureka Schisandra was first developed in California, where the mild, frost-free coastal climate could support more delicate plant varieties. This is an excellent lemon variety with low temperature tolerance. The fruit is large and thick-skinned, has an excellent flavor and is ideal for gin and tonic or for making lemon curd. Lemon seedlings are sold in a 5-liter pot; such a tree will begin to bear fruit within 18 months. Plants grow in height up to one to one and a half meters.

This popular variegated lemon tree variety produces beautiful fruit year-round. Lemons grow large, juicy, with very few seeds and smooth, thick yellow skin. Eureka is an attractive landscape or patio container evergreen lemon.

The lemon tree is included in the list of modern garden plants. When the branches of a tree bend under the fruits, it looks very beautiful, especially in a small garden. Lemon will grow and bear fruit even in a large pot, making it ideal for small gardens and sunny patios.

There is a form of lemongrass that is characterized by variegated leaves, purple buds and striped yellow-green fruits. When a lemon ripens, its peel turns light yellow and the flesh turns pink. The juice of these fruits is clear, but very sour.

Eureka lemons are large, juicy fruits with thick skin.

Uses of Eureka lemons

Eureka lemons have been known since the earliest times due to their many beneficial qualities. They were eaten to prevent scurvy, and the juice was used as a cosmetic product to rejuvenate the skin and strengthen hair. In the royal gardens, Eureka lemon trees (they had a different name back then) were grown in elegant, wheeled wooden boxes. In warmer weather, palace gardeners would take the trees outside for everyone to admire. When the cold returned, the trees were brought back into the buffer winter garden.

Lemons are widely used in cooking, especially baking, to make a refreshing lemonade.

Brief information about care

Provide Eureka Schisandra with well-drained soil. Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system. After strengthening the lemongrass, the volume of watering can be reduced.

The plant needs to be watered weekly, and in extreme heat much more often. Place the tree in a sunny location. Add a general purpose fertilizer to the soil before new growth begins in the spring. Pressing time is winter.

Appearance of flowers and fruits

Sweet, fragrant, waxy flowers are an attribute of any lemon tree. In the case of some lemon varieties, these delightful flowers appear almost all year round, often seeing both inflorescence and fruit on the same tree.

Typically the flowering seasons are spring and autumn, and the fruits usually ripen during the winter months. During the ripening period, citrus trees need to be provided with increased daylight hours.

Eureka blooms in spring and autumn

Most suitable climate

Eureka lemon trees prefer warm, subtropical climates with high rainfall, but once the plants are well established, they can thrive just as well in other climates, including regions with cold winters and high rainfall.

Some types of lemongrass can withstand cold winds and frost better than others. But despite this, it is necessary to protect all young trees from frost or plant them in pots placed in a protected area.

Lemon trees will thrive in coastal areas as long as they are protected from salty sea breezes.

What does a Eureka lemon tree need to grow?

In order for your plant to grow quickly and produce good fruit, you must adhere to the following conditions:

Location. Lemon trees should be placed in a sunny location within a radius of about four meters from any other large trees and shrubs. Protect plants from strong winds. In colder gardens, plant trees facing north, where the sun shines, especially if the lemon is variegated (variegated).
The soil. Make the planting hole as large as possible (at least 1x1 m). Place the topsoil in one pile and the rest of the soil in another. Add a small amount of good compost and a handful of bone meal to each pile and mix thoroughly. Fill the hole with topsoil and plant the tree so that the roots are barely covered by the soil. Planting too deeply can cause disease and root rot. Subsoil can be used to replenish the hole and create depressions around the tree to direct water to the roots. Regular soil mixed with a few rounds of compost and a large handful of bone meal is suitable for planting lemons in pots (use large pots). Mulch the root zone with coarse compost or bark pieces and renew the layer regularly.
Watering. Trees in the ground need regular watering (at least twice a week) during dry periods, especially in summer. Trees grown in pots need to be watered more often in hot weather, preferably daily. An excellent watering option would be to place a long pipe in the corner of the planting hole, which will form an irrigation tube. Water poured into the pipe goes directly to the roots, ensuring that the tree always receives deep watering without wasting water.
Fertilizers. Lemon trees need to be fed fertilizers rich in nitrogen and potassium four times a year. Nitrogen stimulates rapid growth of foliage, while potassium improves the quality of flowers and fruits. Feed lemon in September, January, April and July using a 3:1:5 or 8:1:5 slow-release fertilizer and following package directions. A liquid fertilizer with extra nutrients is beneficial for leaves, especially seedlings and those grown in pots. If the leaves begin to turn yellow, add a mixture of microelements to the fertilizer. Fertilizer must be applied in the drop zone (away from the trunk). Water trees before feeding and again after feeding.

Eureka loves sunny places

Growing problems and ways to solve them

The Eureka lemon tree has its own characteristics, and the better you master the rules of caring for the plant, the more effective the result of your efforts will be. There are common problems that can arise when growing this variety.

The fruits are falling

If some of the small fruits begin to fall off, then this means one thing - the tree is deliberately deprived of them, because there are too many fruits and they interfere with the ripening of other lemons. Fruit may also fall in strong winds or during drought.

Appearance of yellow leaves, poor tree growth

The most important requirement for growing lemon trees is well-drained soil, so remember that you can improve heavy clay soil by adding organic material and coarse river sand to the planting. Soaked roots and overwatering can cause leaves to yellow or drop.

Lack of nitrogen or magnesium can also cause leaves to turn pale. Fix this by mixing trace minerals or Epsom salts with water (use a watering can) and working the solution around the tree.

Deformed fruits, branches full of thorns

This may be a sign that the root stock is starting to grow from below the point where the variety was grafted onto it. If so, remove these stems and branches immediately. Drought and poor drainage can also lead to irregular growth.

Improper grafting can lead to deformation of branches

Pests

The best defense against the pests that commonly attack lemon trees is to plant companion plants around your plants: nasturtiums, lavender and marigolds. Lavender and marigolds deter pests with their strong scents, while nasturtiums attract aphids from trees.

If aphids become an obvious problem, pollinate lemon trees with an organic canola or other oil-based spray during the winter months.

Ants are attracted to the sweet secretion (honeydew) that aphids leave on leaves and stems. If ants are not controlled and dealt with, they will spread aphid eggs to new plants.

The citrus psylla (Citrus psylla) is an adult psyllid that looks like a winged aphid. She lays eggs on citrus leaves. When the young wingless psyllids hatch from the eggs, they feed on the leaves, causing leaf malformation or variegation.

If the infestation is not serious, it is unlikely that it is dangerous for the tree. Other insects that play a role in controlling psyllid populations are also susceptible to methods used to control citrus psyllids, so the most environmentally friendly remedy is to remove affected leaves.

Nasturtiums will protect lemon from aphid invasion

When you pick lemons from the tree, leave a piece of the stem of each fruit so that in the future a new fruit will appear in that place. You can also leave the lemons on the tree and pick them only when necessary.

Soak lemon peels in a bucket of water for several days and use the liquid to soak young plants and cuttings. The core contains a growth stimulant and growth hormone.

Uses of lemon leaves

Lemon leaves can be used to control flies and mosquitoes by placing them on the windowsill.

If your cat does not relieve himself in his litter box, then you can combat this problem with the help of lemon peel. Simply rub the area where your pet goes to the toilet with citrus peel. The smell of lemon juice will drive the cat away and he will stop relieving himself in this place.

Eureka belongs to the most famous world varieties, both industrial and greenhouse, indoor. The variety has been known for a long time; citrus breeders from California have done especially much to popularize it. Despite its widespread use, it is relatively rare in amateur collections in the post-Soviet space.

History of creation

Eureka, like many other citrus varieties, has its own legend. It is difficult to say now how true it is. In any case, many of its moments remained actually documented.

So, most likely, the ancestor of the variety came to America from Italy, around the middle of the 19th century. On one of the plantations near Los Angeles, local specialists worked to improve Italian fruits. For this purpose, they sowed lemon seeds in order to subsequently select the most promising trees.

By 1858, they managed to select one of the plants that had good varietal and commercial qualities. About 20 years later, his cuttings ended up in the hands of the venerable specialist, Thomas Garey. He improved the variety type, propagated it, and, using his authority, gave the new variety the name “Eureka Gareya.” Soon the new lemon competed with the then undisputed leader of the American market - the "" variety. This happened largely because the new plant had a number of excellent qualities. Let's talk about them!

Interesting! Among the exports of industrial lemon varieties, Eureka ranks first in all countries except Italy.

Description of the plant

The crown is of medium size (usually no more than 1.5 meters in rooms) and is characterized by increased spreading. The fact is that the branches of Eureka are thin, drooping, often hanging with their tips down. In general, it is worth noting that the variety, due to its popularity, has a lot of clones and cultivars, sometimes very different in appearance.

For information! There is a strong belief that Eureka was used by breeders to create the popular lemon "".

The branches of this fruit are almost devoid of thorns, there are relatively few leaves on them, they are dark in color and round. The fruits are formed mainly at the ends of the branches, strongly bending them, which creates additional “weeping” for the tree.

It should be noted that in recent decades, the variegated form of our hero, Variegated Eureka limon, has been in high demand in the world of citrus growers. It is valued for its unusual, attractive leaves and unusual fruit color. On the other hand, the size of the fruit, and even the taste characteristics, are significantly inferior to the “classic” Eureka.

Trees of our variety are heat-loving and afraid of sudden temperature changes. In addition, lemon is demanding on humidity levels and is susceptible to attacks by pests. These qualities have contributed to the fact that in indoor citrus growing it is considered quite whimsical.

Features of flowering

The plant is remontant and can bloom all year round. The flowers are large, fragrant; in variegated varieties the buds are almost purple. Flowers are located mainly on the edges of the branches.

Description of fruits

High yield is one of the most important advantages of the variety! Even at home, a developed specimen is capable of producing up to eight dozen fruits per year. In good greenhouses and outdoors, this figure will be four times higher!

Eureka fruits have an average weight of about 120 - 160 grams. Their shape varies, from almost round to elongated, cylindrical. At the tip of the fetus there is always a nipple, separated by a barely noticeable hollow. The shape of the nipple can also vary, being either flat or obviously pointed.

Variegated form

Other characteristics of these lemons:

— the skin is dense, medium thickness, bright yellow;

— small grooves are often visible on the surface, the surface texture is porous;

— the taste is high, the fruits are distinguished by increased sourness and an abundance of juice;

— the flesh has a slightly greenish or yellowish tint, soft, almost seedless.

— transportability is excellent, keeping quality is high.

Interesting! As already mentioned, the fruits of variegated forms differ significantly. In particular, during ripening they are striped, with alternating green and yellow colors. Their flesh is rich pink, while the juice is colorless.

Thus, Eureka is predominantly an industrial variety; its home maintenance is not easy. At the same time, variegated forms have gained popularity for their increased decorative effect.

The botanical name is Citrus aurantiifolia - popularly Lime, literally aurantium - orange or golden, literally can be translated as golden-leaved citrus.

Synonyms and popular names: Lime Lime, Common lime, Sour lime or Acid lime, Mexican lime, Mexican lime, West Indian lime, West Indian lime, Large lime Large lime, Key lime

The lime Citrus aurantiifolia is native to Southeast Asia. The cultural route of the lime passed through the Middle East (Iraq, Persia - first cultivated) to North Africa, then to Sicily and Andalusia, and subsequently with Spanish explorers to the West Indies. From the Caribbean, limes spread to tropical and subtropical countries in North America, including Mexico, Florida, and later California.

Varieties:

"Kai" Oval Thai lime
"Paan" Ball-shaped Thai lime
"lumia" French lime, Pear lemon, Sweet lemon French lime, Pear lemon, Sweet lemon.

Garnish and spice for fish and meat, adding piquancy to soft drinks, “limonade”. Key lime pie is now mostly made from frozen Tahitian lime concentrate. According to reports from Brazil, lemons and sour limes are locally called "limao" and account for about 6 percent of all citrus plantings. Plantations of "Tahitian" limes are rapidly increasing, and currently account for about 50 percent of all sour fruit plantings. Mexican lime is next on the list, making up about 22 percent, but most of its plantations grow poorly because they are affected by the viral disease Tristeza*, which causes stem cankering.

The Eureka lemon, locally known as Siciliano, makes up another 20 percent. The main harvest season for lemons and limes runs from December to March.

Mandarin

Botanical name Citrus reticulata Blanco - popularly Mandarin Mandarin

Synonyms and popular names: Citrus x nobilis, Common mandarin, True mandarin, Mandarin orange, Culate mandarin, Suntara orange.

Class 1,
Class 2, Tangerine
Class 3, Satsuma (sometimes designated as Emerald Tangerine)

Homeland - Vietnam, South China, and Japan. 500 BC was known in China, 300 BC. commercial cultivation began in central China.

Varieties and varieties:

"Tangerine" Tangerine
"Tangerine cv. Clementine" Loose rind mandarin, Mandarin orange, Clementine, Algerian tangerine - (loose rind - loose peel) mandarin, Clementine, Algerian tangerine
"Dancy" Red tangerine, Dancy tangerine, Red tangerine
"poonensis", "Ponkan" Chinese honey orange, Chinese honey orange
"chachiensis" Chachi mandarin, Chachi mandarin
"deliciosa" Mediterranean mandarin, Tangerine, Italian tangerine, Mediterranean mandarin, Tangerine, Italian tangerine
"erythrosa" Red-skinned orange
"salicifolia" Willow-leaved mandarin
"satsuma" Satsuma orange, Emerald Tangerine, Satsuma orange, Emerald tangerine
"unshiu" Unshiu orange, Unshu mandarin, Mandarin orange, Japanese mandarin, Satsuma mandarin, Unshiu orange, Mandarin Unshiu, mandarin, Japanese mandarin, Satsuma mandarin.

Tangerines and tangerines of all varieties are mainly used fresh for food; slices are used in fruit salads, etc. Some types are candied. Tangerine, formerly known as Citrus nobilis var. tangeriana is distinguished by the sweetest fruits with a thin skin and practically no seeds. Tangier is a port city in Morocco, so when people talk about Moroccan tangerines, they are most likely sweet, tasty fruits. The difference between tangerines and ordinary tangerines is the bright orange or red color of the fruit (other tangerines are yellow-orange).

Citron

Botanical name Citrus medicinal Citrus medica - popularly Citron Citron

Believed to have originated in India, it spread in ancient times to the Middle East and China. 300 BC was known in Greece, 20 years BC. grown in Italy. The shape of Citron fruits is usually ovoid or oblong, tapering towards the end, the shape varies greatly, the peel is dense, hard, and tuberculate. Citron fruits have a very thick albedo layer and many seeds. The leaves are green with a lemon aroma, slightly serrated edges, oval-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, large up to 17 cm in length. The petioles are usually wingless or have small wings. Citron grows very vigorously, has virtually no dormant period, and blooms several times a year.

Varieties:

"Corsican" Corsican citron, Corsican citron
"Diamante" Italian citron, Italian citron
"Palestine" Palestine citron, Palestine citron
"bajoura" Musk citron, Musk citron tree, Musk citron
"dulcis" Sweet citron, Sweet lemon, Mediterranean sweet limetta, Sweet citron, Sweet lemon, Mediterranean sweet limetta
"dulcis Corsican" Corsican sweet citron, Corsican sweet citron
"riversii" Bijou lime, Elegant lime
"sarcodactylis" Fingered citron, Buddha's Hand Citron

After boiling to soften the taste and soften the peel, it is candied in strong sugar syrup.

Pomelo

Botanical name Citrus maxima Citrus maxima - popularly Pomelo Pomelo

Synonyms and popular names: Citrus grandis, Shaddock Shaddock, Thai grapefruit, West Indian pomelo

Originates from South and Southeast Asia. The fruits are large, 15-25 centimeters, reaching a weight of 1-2 kg, usually pale green to yellow in color when ripe, sweet with white (or, less commonly, pink) flesh and a very thick albedo. The taste is sweeter than grapefruit, very little bitterness. The leaves are lush green, on short petioles with pronounced rounded wings.

Varieties:

grandis "pyriformis" Chinese pear-shaped pomelo
grandis "shangyuan" Ichang lemon
maxima "Kao Hawm" Round white-fleshed Thai pomelo, Round Thai pomelo with white flesh
maxima "Kao Nam Pueung" Pear-shaped Thai pomelo, White-fleshed Thai pomelo, Thai pear-shaped pomelo, Thai pomelo with white flesh
maxima "Kao Paen" Flattened Thai pomelo
maxima "Kao Thong Dee" Pink-fleshed Thai pomelo, Thai pomelo with pink flesh

It is used in the same way as orange, but is more difficult to peel.

Citrus hybrids

Ancient citrus hybrids

Lemon

Synonyms and popular names: Lemon Lemon.

Varieties:

Lemon Eureka "Eureka" Eureka lemon, Italian lemon Italian lemon, American lemon American lemon,
Variegated lemon, Pink-fleshed lemon,

Lemon slices are served as a garnish for fish or meat, or with cold or hot tea. Lemon juice is used in lemonades, pies, other desserts, cooking and pharmaceuticals.

Orange

Botanical name Citrus sinensis Chinese citrus is a hybrid between pomelo and mandarin (different ancestors and later than bitter orange). In chronicles, the orange is found in China around 1100 AD, and in India around 1300 AD.

Synonyms and popular names: Orange Orange, Sweet Orange Sweet Orange

Varieties:

"Jaffa" Palestine orange
"Valencia" Valencia orange, Orange Valencia
"Washington Navel" or "brasiliensis" Bahia orange, Brazilian navel, Navel orange, Brazilian orange
(Blood Group) cv. "Maltese Blood" Maltese blood orange
(Blood Group) cv. "Sanguine" Blood orange, Blood orange
(Navel Group) cv. "Lane"s Late" Lane"s late navel orange, Australian navel orange, Australian orange
(Navel Group) cv. "Leng" Leng navel orange, Early Australian navel orange, Thin-skinned navel, Thin-skinned navel
(Navel Group) cv. "Washington" Washington Navel, Orange "Washington Navel", Seedless sweet orange, Loose-skinned sweet orange, Orange "Washington Navel", seedless sweet orange, free-skinned sweet orange.

Oranges are usually eaten fresh, or in the form of orange juice, slices are used in fruit salads, etc.

Pomeranian

Botanical name Citrus aurantium Golden citron is a hybrid between pomelo and tangerine. Comes from China, found in chronicles around 300 BC. In Japan it is found in chronicles around 100 AD. Around 100 BC sour orange appears in Rome.

Synonyms and popular names: Sour Orange, Bitter Orange, Seville Orange

Varieties:

"bergamia" Bergamot orange, Bergamot, Lemon bergamot, Bergamot. Grown in southern Italy, the peel is used to extract oil used in the perfume industry.
"bigardia" Bigarade orange, Bigardia
"buxifolia" Box-leaved orange
"crispifolium" Curled leaf orange
"myrtifolia" Chinotto orange, Myrtle-leaved orange, Myrtle-leaf orange (USA), Ornamental orange, Chinotto, Myrtle-leaved orange, Myrtle-leaved orange, Ornamental orange
"Rough Seville" Seville orange, Spanish orange, Rough Seville orange, Spanish orange
"Smooth Seville" Smooth-skinned seville orange

The main use of sour oranges is making marmalade, in which they have no equal.

Modern citrus hybrids

Grapefruit

Botanical name Citrus x paradisi Citrus paradisi is a hybrid between sweet orange and pomelo. It apparently originates from the island of Barbados, around 1750.

Synonyms and popular names: Common grapefruit Common grapefruit, Western grapefruit Western grapefruit

Varieties:

(Pink-fleshed Group) cv. "Foster" Pink-fleshed grapefruit, Pink grapefruit
(Pink-fleshed Group) cv. "Red Blush" Red-fleshed grapefruit, Red grapefruit
(Pink-fleshed Group) cv. "Ruby" Reddish-rind grapefruit, Seedless pink-fleshed grapefruit, "Ruby" grapefruit, Red-rind grapefruit, Seedless pink grapefruit, "Ruby" grapefruit
(Pink-fleshed Group) cv. "Thompson" Pink-fleshed grapefruit, "Thompson" grapefruit, Pink grapefruit, Thompson's grapefruit
(White-fleshed Group) cv. "Duncan" White-fleshed grapefruit, "Duncan" grapefruit, White grapefruit, Duncan's grapefruit
(White-fleshed Group) cv. "Marsh" Seedless white-fleshed grapefruit, "Marsh" grapefruit, Seedless white grapefruit, Grapefruit Marsh
(White-fleshed Group) cv. "Ray Ruby" "Ray Ruby" grapefruit, Pomelo "Ray Ruby", Grapefruit "Ruby Ray", Pomelo "Ruby Ray"
(White-fleshed Group) cv. "Wheeny" "Wheeny" grapefruit, grapefruit Vini

Used for making grapefruit juice, or, cooled, cut in half, the slices are peeled and separated from each other with a special knife

Tangelo

Botanical name Citrus x tangelo Citrus Tangelo or simply Tangelo.

Previously described as a hybrid between grapefruit and mandarin: Citrus paradisi x Citrus reticulata, however, in the most important taxonomic list ThePlantList (theplantlist.org) appears as a synonym of orange Citrus aurantium, probably can be considered as a variety.

Varieties:

Agli "Ugli" Ugli fruit Jamaican hybrid

Tangor

Varieties:

"Castle" orange "Temple" Temple Orange

Citrus latifolia

Rangpur

Botanical name: Citrus limonia Citrus x limonia is a hybrid between tangerine and lime, very cold-resistant. The fruits are highly sour, with orange skin and pulp. Widely used as rootstocks for other citrus fruits.

Synonyms and popular names: Rangpur Rangpur, Limandarin Lemandarin, Chinese lemon Chinese lemon, Medical lemon Medicinal lemon, Cantonese lemon Canton lemon or Cantonese lemon, Mandarin lemon Mandarin lemon, Mandarin lime Mandarin lime. Photo

Varieties:

"gaoganensis" Gaogan lemon
"hainanensis" Hainan Island lemon, Hainan lemon
"khatta" Khatta orange
"otaitensis" Otaheite orange
"rangpur" Rangpur lime, Rangpur lime

Kumquat

Botanical name: Japanese citrus Citrus japonica (formerly Fortunella margarita).

Other names and synonyms: Kumquat Cunquates, Fortunella Fortunella or Kinkan Kinkan.

Previously, the genus Fortunella included about 13 species names. However, the botanical community, with more thorough modern research, leaves the only species in the genus Fortunella, Fortunella venosa. And Fortunella, the fruits of which can be sold in grocery chains, is precisely Japanese Citrus (see ThePlantList). These fruits differ in shape - oblong, small, no more than 5 cm, orange, sweet and sour.

It is eaten whole, often sold in the form of candied fruits (canned in sugar syrup). Photo

Calamondin

Botanical name: Citrus microcarpa Citrus x microcarpa is a hybrid between a tangerine and a kumquat. Previously, kumquat belonged to the genus Fortunella, and therefore Kalamondin did not belong to the hybrids of the genus Citrus, however, in modern taxonomy, kumquat is called Japanese Citrus Citrus japonica, and therefore Kalamondin by right of blood, so to speak, is a hybrid of citrus fruits.

Other names and synonyms: Calamondin Calamondin, Citrofortunella microcarpa, Golden lime, China orange, Kalamansi lime, Panama orange, Panama orange, Musklime, Philippine lime.

Halves or quarters of calamondin are served with iced tea, with seafood, with meat, and a sour juice is prepared from it. Photo

Trifoliate

Botanical name: Citrus trifoliata, name approved (see ThePlantList). Although some sources still indicate the genus Poncyrus separately, Trifoliata clearly belongs to citrus fruits. The fruit is small, about 6 cm in diameter, round, golden in color, inedible.

Other names and synonyms: Poncirus trifoliata, Three-leaf lemon, Three-leaf orange. Photo

Trifoliata is the most cold-resistant citrus, tolerates frosts down to minus 20 degrees, and therefore is widely used as a rootstock for other types and hybrids of citrus fruits.

Citrange

Botanical name: Citroncirus webberi hybrid. Hybrid between trifoliata and sweet orange Citrus sinensis x Citrus trifoliata or Citrange Citrange

The fruits are tasty, but bitter, and are used in making drinks, jam, and marmalade. Frost resistance is worse than that of trifoliate - up to minus 10 degrees - the hybrid was created with the aim of developing a cold-resistant orange.

Citranquat

Botanical name: Citroncirus Citrangequat is a hybrid between Citrange (trifoliata and orange) and Kumquat, in other words: Citrus sinensis x Citrus trifoliata x Citrus japonica.

The tree is low, slow-growing, practically without thorns. The fruits are round or oval, usually with a neck, with few or no seeds. It is eaten fresh and used to make lemonade and marmalade.

limequat

Botanical name: Citrus Florida Citrus x floridana, popularly Limequat Limequat is a hybrid between kumquat and lime.

The fruit is small, oval, greenish-yellow in color, with a sweet skin and bitterish, very sour pulp; there are many seeds. Used whole for food.

_______________________________

* Citrus tristeza (Portuguese Tristeza) is a viral disease of citrus crops grafted onto bigaradia and lime rootstocks. Distributed in tropical and subtropical zones. There is no object of external quarantine in the USSR. It is characterized by the death of conductive tissues at the site of fusion of the scion with the rootstock. With mild damage, chlorosis of the leaves develops, their blades curl, they dry out and fall off. With severe damage, individual branches and entire trees die. In diseased plants, shoot formation is weakened, the roots rot; Such trees bloom earlier and more abundantly, but the fruits are small and fall prematurely. The virus is transmitted by planting and grafting material, citrus, melon and other aphids, and dodder Cuscuta subinclusa. Control measures: checking the imported material in introduction and quarantine nurseries for three years; use of T. c. resistant trifoliata and rangpur lime rootstocks; treatment against insects that carry the disease.

Eureka
(has many almost indistinguishable clones with the following names: Allen, Cook, Cascade, Meek, Ross, Wheatley or Thornton)
The fruits are small to medium-sized, oblong, sometimes pear-shaped; usually with a short "neck"; usually with a small nipple (although sometimes significant), often surrounded by a groove. There are few seeds, sometimes none at all. The color is yellow when ripe. Tightly fitting peel of medium thickness; its surface is porous, slightly wrinkled, usually with small longitudinal grooves. There are usually 10 lobes. The flesh is greenish-yellow; fine-grained, tender, juicy; very sour. The harvest occurs throughout the year, but mainly in late winter, spring and early summer.
The tree is medium-sized, spreading, virtually without thorns; less leafy compared to the tree of the "Lisbon" variety; The fruits are mainly found at the ends of long branches. Compared to most other varieties, "Eureka" is more sensitive to cold and the harmful effects of insects; The tree's lifespan is shorter.
The fruit of "Eureka" differs significantly from the fruit of "Lisbon", the other major lemon variety in California. They are noticeably more pointed, have a slightly rougher surface and usually have a less pronounced nipple. The differences between trees are even more significant. In addition to the above, the leaves of 'Eureka' are darker and less spiky.
It is believed that "Eureka" was one of the lemon seedlings in Los Angeles, California, grown from the seeds of a fruit of Italian origin in 1858. A few years later, Andrew Boyle and S. R. Workman purchased some of the seedlings of this lemon and selected several of the most promising. Around 1877 S.R. Workman supplied Thomas A. Garey, a prominent Los Angeles citrus grower, with seedlings of "Eureka", who in turn propagated and distributed it under the name "Garey's Eureka". Because of its almost year-round fruiting, rapid development , and because it has virtually no thorns, it quickly became a major competitor to the Lisbon lemon variety. Both varieties remain staples both in California and throughout the world. Eureka is considered the top export lemon in many countries, with the exception of Italy , Spain and several other Mediterranean countries.Russo in 1955 expressed the opinion that "Eureka" is included (along with citron) in the "pedigree" of the "Lunario" lemon.

According to Australian studies, the Eureka lemon is incompatible with rootstocks such as Poncyrus trifoliata, citrumelo and citrange (Troyer, Carrizo).

There is also variegated variety"Eureka" In addition to the fact that it has variegated leaves, the flesh of its fruit is pink.