Alcohol vapor in exhaled air. Alcohol calculator

Legislation regarding ppm in human blood is constantly changing. Such attention is not accidental: the presence drunkenness while driving, it can threaten the life and health of not only the driver, but also those around him.

Basic concepts

When studying a topic, you need to understand what is meant by some concepts.

1. The concept of alcohol includes not only alcohols of various origins (excluding alcohol produced directly by the human body in the process of life), but also liquids that include it.
2. Endogenous alcohol (endo - inside) is understood as alcohol formed by the human body in the course of its vital activity.
3. The concept of ppm means how many thousandths of alcohol are in the body (in relation to this topic).

PPM is used not only in relation to alcohol. After the appearance of the percentage - that is, one hundredth of the whole, there was a need for a more precise concept. A ppm is a thousandth part. In connection with this topic, it is measured how many thousandths of alcohol are present in a person's blood.

Those. ppm ten times less than a percent.

This value is relevant due to the fact that the concentration of alcoholic beverages in the blood in any case is not measured in hundredths. In order not to use numbers with a large number of zeros after the decimal point, it is more convenient to use ppm.

Your narcologist explains: How to calculate ppm yourself?

To make calculations, you need to understand the ratio of ppm (‰) with other indicators.

Ratios

Since the indicator is a thousandth of something, then 1000 ‰ denotes a whole, with a ratio with percent you can get:

Returning to the ratio with percentages, the equation looks like this:

If we start from the investigated indicator, then it turns out:

Everything looks simple. After understanding the ratios, you can proceed directly to the calculations.

Payment

Of course, everyone is individual, and therefore the speed of the onset of intoxication and the removal of alcohol from the blood will be different for everyone, and the result is approximate. What you need to consider:

• drink and the proportion of alcohol in it;
• age, gender, weight of a person;
• the percentage of body fluids;
• rate of decrease in blood alcohol content;
• the time after which the blood alcohol level will be minimal.

The last two figures are taken as averages, since it is impossible to calculate them for a specific person without special equipment.

Algorithm

Consider the procedure for calculating ppm blood alcohol:

1. Convert the percentages in the drunk drink into fractions (divide by 100).
2. Multiply the shares by the amount drunk, we get the amount of alcohol in milliliters.
3. The resulting number is multiplied by the density of alcohol, to convert to grams (density is 0.79).
4. Calculate the mass of pure alcohol (subtract 10%).
5. Calculate the mass of body fluids.
6. Divide the mass of pure alcohol from point 4 by the mass of liquids from point 5.

The resulting value is the number of ppm in the blood.

Example

The man's weight is 78 kg, he drank two bottles of 1.5 liters of beer, which contains 4.7% alcohol. Let's carry out the calculation according to the points proposed above.

1. 4,7% / 100 = 0,047
2. 0,047 * 2 * 1500 = 141
3. 141 * 0,79 = 111,39
4. 111,39 — 10% = 100,251
5. 78 * 0.7 = 54.6 (in men, the mass of liquids is approximately 70% of the total weight)
6. 0,999 / 54,6 = 1,836

It turns out that for the proposed conditions, the number of ppm blood alcohol will be 1.836.

Peculiarities

The figure obtained by calculations is conditional. This is the maximum possible value, which is reached after about half an hour after drinking the drink. It is worth making a few corrections based on additional data:

• drinks are not consumed every minute, usually this is a long process, extended in time. As long as the person continues to drink, some of the alcohol is recycled;
• with age, alcohol begins to be processed longer, that is, it is longer in the blood.

Tables ppm blood and air alcohol

Every time after drinking alcohol, it is inconvenient to make calculations. Therefore, there are special tables by which you can determine the approximate concentration of alcohol in the blood. According to them, you can easily and quickly find out how much and what kind of drink you can drink, how much time should pass after you stop drinking. It is important to remember that the indicators are again averaged.

Data

The tables use the term "Dose". What is one dose:

1. Alcoholic drinks with a strength of 40 degrees - 50 grams.
2. 20 degrees - 100 grams.
3. 12-15 degrees - 150 grams.
4. Cocktails 9 degrees - 250 grams.
5. Beer 4 degrees - 500 grams.

Usage

In the table, it is necessary to compare the number of doses drunk and the weight of a person. If we go back to the example, we get 1.5 ppm for a man of 78 kilograms when he takes 3 liters of beer. With the calculated version, it turned out to be 1.836, the difference is small.

Blood alcohol concentration in men (ppm):

Blood alcohol concentration in women (ppm):

In any case, the value will be approximate and it is better to wait a few hours more, so that the value is exactly less than expected. On average, the concentration of alcohol in the blood decreases by 0.15 ppm per hour. That is, in order to get behind the wheel, the man from the above example must divide the resulting concentration by 0.15. It turns out that he can safely drive a car in 12 hours.

For women and for men, the values ​​in the table are different, with the consumption of the same amount of drink in women, the concentration of alcohol in the blood will be higher.

What do drivers need to know about ppm?

By law, a driver who is intoxicated driving will be held accountable for his actions. Often a person after alcohol reacts more slowly to a traffic situation, and sometimes does not control his actions at all. Therefore, the punishment for driving a car in excess of the permissible levels of alcohol in the blood is very strict.

Procedure

In order for a traffic police officer to stop a car, he must have compelling reasons, or a reasonable suspicion that the driver is drunk (inappropriate behavior on the road). The reason may be the "Sober Driver" operation, or the traffic police officers receive information that the car is driven by a person in a state of intoxication.

After stopping, the driver is offered to blow into the breathalyzer. Based on the readings of the device, a protocol is drawn up, and it is delayed or released. The norms are enshrined in law. After drawing up all the documents, the motorist and the traffic police inspector are sent to a specialized medical institution. At the same time, the car is left at the place of detention.

The driver has the right to refuse the examination. However, this behavior suggests potential culpability. All necessary documents will be drawn up immediately, indicating the information about the refusal.

Allowable norms

The driver is considered drunk if the breathalyzer shows more than 0.16. This figure is obtained after taking into account the error of the device. In addition, it takes into account the fact that in the human body, alcohol is produced in the process of life and is formed when certain foods are consumed.

There are diseases in which you have to use alcohol-based medications. In this case, driving is prohibited, or you must have documents established by law with you.

The driver can refuse a medical examination on the spot and go to a specialized medical institution to donate blood together with the traffic police. In addition to the blood test results, pulse, pressure, coordination of movements, intelligibility of speech, etc. are taken into account. After examination by an expert of a medical institution, a conclusion is made regarding the condition of the driver.

Even if the breathalyzer showed an excess of the norm, and the doctor's conclusion after the medical examination speaks of the driver's sobriety, the latter is taken into account.

Some drivers refuse to blow into the breathalyzer, believing that by the time they reach a medical facility, some of the alcohol will disappear. Someone might be lucky, although the full inspection is much more detailed.

A responsibility

If there are clear signs of drunkenness and further proof of the fact that the permissible levels of alcohol in the blood or exhaled air have been exceeded, the driver will be held liable. The car is sent to the parking lot, in order to pick it up, you will need to pay the cost of a tow truck and the cost of finding the car in the parking lot for every day. The revocation of a driver's license is possible for up to three years, in some cases the driver is arrested. You will also have to pay a fine of thirty to fifty thousand rubles.

If the driver commits any offense while driving while drunk, the liability may increase significantly.

The decision on punishment is made by the court. The identity of the perpetrator, his past offenses, the number of fines that must be paid, and the frequency of traffic violations are taken into account. Mitigating circumstances can be the presence of minor children and other dependents. In many ways, the severity of punishment depends on the behavior of the person.

Auxiliary table "Milligrams per ppm"

The amount of alcohol in the blood and in the breath will be different. The tables display the first indicator, in order to compare them with the indicators of the breathalyzer, you can use the following table:

Dependence of indicators on the stage of intoxication

• Lack of intoxication - from 0.1 to 0.3 ppm, from 0.045 to 0.135 mg / l.
• Weak - 0.4 to 0.9 ‰, from 0.180 to 0.405 mg / l.
• The initial degree is from 1 to 1.9 ‰, from 0.450 to 0.855 mg / l.
• Average - from 2 to 2.9 ‰, from 0.9 to 1.305 mg / l.
• Severe stage - from 3 to 3.9 ‰, from 1.350 to 1.755 mg / l.
• If the indicator is higher, then an alcoholic coma is diagnosed.

After drinking alcohol, driving is not only life-threatening, even in small quantities, various doses of alcohol in the blood can lead to a collision with law enforcement agencies.

In order not to violate the traffic rules, it is enough to understand well the data on the time of alcohol elimination from the body, with which the table of ppm indicators will help to understand.

The rate of ethanol elimination was determined experimentally and entered into special tables, the data of which are freely available.

Understanding exactly what ppm is, knowing what degrees of intoxication can be enough just to control your condition and protect yourself from unnecessary problems not only with the law, but also with health.

What is "ppm"

The exact mathematical definition says: ppm is one thousandth of a whole, that is, 1/1000, or, in other words, 1/10 of a percent. Thousandths of blood alcohol consumption is determined by the higher accuracy of such measurements.

This indicator shows that for all the liquid contained in the body, there is 0.3 g of alcohol. This value indicates that the alcohol dose was not exceeded by the consumption of additional alcohol.

Calculation of alcohol per mille makes it possible to understand what actions are possible, whether it is possible to get behind the wheel, if not, then how long you need to wait, in principle, you can calculate what harm will be done to the body.

The absorption rate of alcohol depends on its concentration, and it is the highest in drinks, 10% alcohol content. That is, the fastest effect on the brain is ppm of alcohol contained in wine. Slower in vodka, whiskey and so on. The prevailing opinion that if we dilute alcohol with water or juice, then we will inflict less harm is not true.

In fact, a liter of beer contains the same amount of alcohol as 400 grams of wine, or one hundred grams of vodka. Blood alcohol ppm is the content of ethyl alcohol in thousandths. By understanding the values ​​in the ppm table, you can save yourself the trouble of misunderstanding.

For example, a professional breathalyzer of a traffic police officer can show 0.6 after a glass of drunk kvass, or 0.2 ppm, which will remain in the blood due to kefir.

The influence of alcoholic beverages on the human body

The degree of alcoholic intoxication is characterized not only general condition organism, but with certain symptoms, moreover, it is the degree of intoxication that sets the driver's absent-mindedness on the road.

Blood alcohol breakdown table

Knowing the time of withdrawal of drunk alcohol, an adult who soberly evaluates the situation may well afford to drink alcohol, having insured himself in time, and calculating his own degree of intoxication.

Type of alcoholic beverage, in the amount of 300 ml.

Alcohol ppm (‰) calculations in forensic medicine are common analyzes. The blood alcohol content is the alcoholic concentration expressed in ppm. It is important to understand that this parameter expresses the proportions not of volume, but of weight. Therefore, the same weight of alcohol of different density will show different ‰. Today you will learn how to correctly calculate the level of drunk alcohol in the blood, how to translate ‰ in%.

Blood alcohol composition

Alcohol in the body will reach its maximum density ½ hour after it was consumed. The ppm will show what is the concentration of alcohol in the blood, the volume of which will be 1 liter. For example, let's find out the definition of blood alcohol content, which is 1.3 ‰. One liter of blood contains 1.3 ml of alcohol, and the remaining 998.7 ml are pure blood.

Its density in the body will show:

• How much alcohol is in the driver's blood for the required time span.
• Calculate at what volume of alcohol consumed a certain indicator per thousand will be reached.
• Find out the time interval required for the body to get rid of alcohol.

The latter value is most important for drivers. In Russia, there are no acceptable parameters of ethanol concentration in blood for those who drive a vehicle. This means that after any amount of alcohol consumed in a state of intoxication, it is prohibited by law to drive a car. Therefore, if a person has mild alcohol intoxication, then it is better for him to wait out a certain period so that the alcohol leaves the body. Then you can drive your car.

It is worth remembering that in 60 minutes it will take 0.12 ‰ for a woman, and 0.15 ‰ for a man.

About calculations

How to calculate how many ppm a certain dose of alcohol has? The ppm is the thousandth part, used to indicate the thousandths in one whole. This parameter will help to calculate the alcohol concentration in the blood, as well as the alcohol content in the exhaled air. The symbol is ‰, ppm calculation: the whole numerical parameter is divided by 1000. The percentage of one ppm is a tenth of a percentage: 1% = 0.1 ‰.

How to convert ppm to percent? Converting ppm to percent is carried out in a simple way:

• 1 is a 1: 1000 ratio, that is, 1 ‰ is 0.001, which is 0.1% ethanol.
• 0.5 ‰ is equal to 0.005, which is 0.05% ethanol.
• 100 ‰ is equivalent to 0.1 and will be 10%.

To find out the ethanol level of blood, the following are taken into account: body weight and gender of a person,% liquid in the body relative to the total weight, the amount of alcohol consumed and the composition of ethanol compounds in it. For females and males, the liquid% for the body is different. For a man, it leaves 70%, for a woman, this figure is 60%.

The period depends on weight, gender, health status, etc.

For example, let's calculate the ethanol concentration of blood in a man, whose body weight is 80 kg, he consumed 40 ° vodka 0.2 liters or 200 ml. First, let's calculate the body fluid mass: 80 * 70% = 56 kg. Then we determine the composition of pure ethanol with the total volume consumed: multiply 200 by 40o, we get 80 ml, which will be 63.2 g (ethanol density 0.79 * 80 = 63.2). When calculating the alcohol parameter, the usual error will be 10%, that is, 63.2-10% = 56.88 g. Now we calculate ‰ of alcoholic blood: 63.2: 56.88 = 1.11 ‰.

These calculations have a small inaccuracy, since the result depends on some circumstances:

• The quality parameters of alcohol.
• The time period between food and alcohol consumed.
• The speed with which the alcohol was consumed.

After such calculations, the obtained parameters are translated for the degree of alcohol intoxication. The parameters of the stages of intoxication will be shown in detail in the table:

Ethanol level for those driving

The result of minimal ethanol volumes is often observed during work performed that requires maximum attention, concentration, for example, if a person is driving.

The alcohol concentration of 0.34 ‰ is permissible, taking into account that the alcohol in the blood can be increased:

• if a person has consumed some types of juices with kefir, kvass;
• when drugs containing ethanol compounds were used;
• in the presence of pathologies of the upper respiratory tract;
• with pathologies of the oral cavity.

If ½ liter of beer is drunk, the percentage of which is 5%, then the ethanol concentration will show from 0.2 to 0.4 ‰. This dosage will lead to the fact that the person will be less responsive to objects in motion. A 1000 ml volume of beer will increase the ethanol concentration from 0.5 to 0.8 ‰. A person will become less able to navigate in space if the illumination changes rapidly, it is difficult for him to determine the distance to the object.

According to the law, the permissible parameter of alcohol for drivers should not be higher than 0.16 mg / l or 0.34 ‰

With an ethanol parameter from 0.8 to 1.2 ‰, a person will become inattentive. With such a dosage, drunk drivers often have an accident. If the readings of the breathalyzer indicate a higher parameter of alcohol in the blood, then the accident will occur in 96% of cases. Alcometers show the ethanol level in the body when you exhale.

These devices can be purchased at special outlets, they will help to determine the level of ppm at home, which will help to avoid accidents.

To reduce the ppm

To cleanse the body of drunk 100 g of alcohol, you need to wait 7-10 days. This time is influenced by many circumstances. Exercise can be done to speed up the time it takes for ethanol to pass through the lung tissue and skin. The person will sweat, the lung tissues will become saturated with oxygen, so fresh air is desirable in the room.

Exercises can be performed in different ways: push-ups from the floor, squat, run, jump rope, also performing other gymnastic exercises... The time taken to remove alcohol residues from the body will accelerate many times. But you do not need to do gymnastics, if the blood contains more than 0.7–0.8 ‰, the result will not appear.

After such physical education, you can drink strong lemon tea, but the person should not have problems with the heart and blood vessels.

If the heart is worried, then the tea is changed to juices, kefir, yoghurts. It is better not to drink carbonated water. A steam room and a contrast shower will also eliminate the effects of drinking. To urgently reduce the ethanol blood level, you can take no more than one glass of sunflower oil. Of course, drinking it is unpleasant, but a person will sober up faster. If a person is unconscious, you can rub his ears. Blood will begin to flow to the head more strongly, alcohol will accelerate faster, the person will come to his senses.

It is important to know that many ways to instantly sober up overload the heart. Therefore, it is necessary to take a steam bath and apply a cool or contrast shower with caution. The best option would be a complete rejection of alcohol. Then the person's health problems will become much less, you can always safely get behind the wheel, and you simply will not need all these methods described.

Designed for self-determination of blood alcohol concentration based on the quantity and quality of alcohol consumed alcoholic beverages.

The reasons why people drink alcohol can be completely different. Someone uses intoxicating drinks for relaxation, someone in order to gain courage, and someone in order to forget and get away from problems. In all cases, do not forget that excessive alcohol consumption has a detrimental effect on human health and can lead to irreversible consequences.

Our calculator can be useful in different cases:

• If you plan to drive after a meal;
• You want to calculate the maximum allowable alcohol dose for yourself;
• You want to know how long after drinking alcoholic beverages you will be able to fearlessly drive a car, etc.

Knowing which one is in this moment as long as you have a concentration of ethanol (pure alcohol) in your blood, you will be able to make decisions regarding travel as a driver vehicle and calculate the time interval before the onset of sobriety.

Drunk driving law

Statistics show that about a third of all road traffic accidents are due to drunk drivers. Unsurprisingly, the country has a law prohibiting driving while intoxicated.

Prior to 2010, there were restrictions on the permissible level of ethanol in the blood and exhaled air. So, in the blood the maximum possible level of alcohol was 0.3 ppm, and in the exhaled air - 0.15 mg / l. Thus, one could fearlessly drive, for example, after a bottle of weak beer.

Since August 6, 2010, the requirements have become more stringent. Now the concentration of alcohol in the blood and in the exhaled air should be equal to zero. If a drunk driver still dares to get behind the wheel of a car, then he may be deprived of his driver's license for a period of one and a half to two years (according to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, article 12.8). The same punishment is provided for in the event that the driver has transferred the control of the car to a person who is intoxicated.

It is important to understand that the driver is now recognized as drunk only according to the testimony of a special device - a breathalyzer. A breathalyzer is a special technical device that is used to determine the concentration of ethanol in the exhaled air.

Foods and drinks that increase ppm

Even if the driver does not consume alcoholic beverages at all, he still should not lose his vigilance, because a certain amount of ppm is in various other products. For example, yeast kvass contains from 0.1 to 0.6 ppm, and kefir and ayran 0.2 ppm.
A small amount of ethanol is also released in many fruits: oranges, bananas. Among the ingredients, alcohol can be found in chocolate, cakes, pastries. Also, alcohol-containing medicines can affect the readings of the breathalyzer. Among such medicines are motherwort, corvalol, valerian, calendula, etc.

How long does alcohol last?

Unfortunately, there are no universal indicators of the time of the content of a particular portion of alcohol in the blood. Each person is unique, the rate of absorption of alcohol is different for everyone. Here are some of the factors that affect the speed of this process:

• Height, weight of a person. The higher these indicators are, the larger portion a person needs to get drunk;
• Floor. In most cases, women get drunk faster than men;
• Genetic predisposition. Alcohol sensitivity is inherited;
• The general condition of the body. For example, a dose of alcohol drunk on an empty stomach will intoxicate faster and, accordingly, remain in the blood longer.

Since the toxic effect of alcohol can take different periods even for one person, you should not take the readings of the calculator literally.
However, the average alcohol concentration in the human body can be calculated. It is known that different drinks are intoxicating in different ways. For example, the concentration of alcohol in the body of a man weighing 80 kg will be 0.3 ppm (this is the term for the unit of measurement of alcohol) if he has drunk:

• 50 grams of vodka;
• Or 200 grams of dry wine;
• Or 500 grams of beer.

The maximum concentration of alcohol in the human body lasts from 30 minutes to several hours after drinking, then gradually disappears.

In order for you to be able to independently calculate the amount of alcohol in your blood, you need to enter data on your field, weight in the form fields, indicate whether you consumed drinks on an empty stomach or not, and also mark all types of drinks you have drunk and indicate their portion.

The problem of alcohol abuse is acute in modern society, especially among drivers. According to the statistics of the State Traffic Inspectorate of Russia, in the period from January to September 2018, more than 12 thousand accidents were recorded with drivers whose alcohol content in exhaled air exceeded the prescribed norm.

The indicator of the permissible rate of alcohol in exhaled air is 0.16 mg / l. If the indicators exceed the established level of alcohol, the traffic police inspector has the right to detain. The punishments are severe enough even for the first violation, so you should not drink alcohol before driving.

Breathalyzer test, permissible values ​​ppm

The concentration of alcohol in the exhaled air is determined by the traffic police inspector on the spot using a breathalyzer.

If the traffic police inspector doubts the driver's sobriety and asks to pass his test with the device, the latter should not bicker and be rude. In order to pass the test correctly, the driver needs to take a deep breath, after which he exhales air into the device tube.

Indicators of the amount of alcohol in the air exhaled by a person are calculated in mg / l. Permissible value Exhaled alcohol is 0.16 milligrams per liter of air, which equals 0.352 g / L of alcohol in the blood. These indicators are called per mille because of the Latin name "pro mille", which can be translated as one thousandth.

However, on the territory of Russia it is more customary to take readings in mg / l and g / l, and the term ppm is popular among the people.

Factors affecting the performance of the breathalyzer

Alcohol when it enters the body of a motorist is carried by blood throughout the body. Alcohol from the blood enters the lungs, so you can determine the alcohol content in the exhaled blood.

The following factors have a significant impact on blood alcohol levels:

1. The strength of the drink and its dose;
2. The gender and weight of the person;
3. Body condition and genetic data;
4. Consuming snacks with alcohol;
5. Indicators of health and well-being of the driver.

There are registered cases when the state of human health affected the testimony of the breathalyzer and 0.2 ppm turned into indicators that exceeded the allowed norm of alcohol in the blood.

In addition, it is important for the driver to know that before checking on the breathalyzer, you have the right to make sure that the device meets the necessary requirements and its correct operation.

The indicators of the measuring device are influenced by:

• Indicators of temperature and atmospheric pressure;
• The state of the air environment (gas pollution, humidity, etc.);
• The condition of the device (cleanliness of nozzles and breathalyzer tubes);
• Compliance by the traffic police inspector with the rules for testing alcohol.

If an authorized official has doubts about the performance of the device, the driver can be detained and sent to a medical facility for a blood test. If the driver refuses such an offer, he is automatically found guilty of drunk driving, in accordance with Article 12 of the Administrative Code of Russia.

When can I get behind the wheel?

In order to pass the test for the alcohol content in the exhaled air and not exceed the dose per mille permitted by the traffic police, the driver must understand how much you can drink and after what time you can get behind the wheel.

The allowable dose of 0.16 mg / L is limited to 0.4 liters of beer for a healthy man weighing 75 kg.

Such a dose of alcohol content in the exhaled air is allowed due to the peculiarities of assimilation by the body of certain products:

1. Nonalcoholic beer;
2. Kvass;
3. Baking with yeast dough;
4. Fermented milk products;
5. Juices;
6. Ripe bananas;
7. Chocolate products.

This list was compiled due to the fact that when these products are consumed, a certain amount of ethanol is released in the body, which was shown when checked with a breathalyzer.

For drunk driving, people who take medicinal tinctures and drugs were fined.

But there are situations when we drink alcohol in one way or another, so it is important to know when to get behind the wheel so as not to be fined.

On average, a person weighing 80 kg should remember the basic numbers:

• 0.5 liters of beer, depending on the strength, is processed by the body within 2-3 hours;
• 0.2 liters of wine will be weathered for more than 2 hours;
• For lovers of alcohol from 40-45 degrees, it is important to understand that 100 gr. will weather up to 4 hours. When consumed 300 gr. You cannot drive vodka for 11 hours, and a bottle of such alcohol will be determined by a breathalyzer for 17 hours.

In order to know for sure the rate of alcohol processing in your body, it is better to use a ppm calculator.

If you are stopped, behave calmly and do not try to prevent the traffic police inspector from carrying out the necessary procedures, otherwise you may be sent to a medical center for blood collection. Before the trip, in order to avoid misunderstandings, it is better not to consume alcohol and alcohol-containing medicines.

Drunk driving penalties

A drunk driver who gets behind the wheel is at great risk; in 2018, the following punishments are provided for such an offense:

1. The first registered fact of driving in a state of alcoholic intoxication entails deprivation of the license for 1.5-2 years and a fine of up to 30 thousand rubles;
2. The driver caught the second time will be fined up to 50 thousand and deprived of his license for up to 3 years;
3. If the offender already has a fine for such an offense, then the traffic police inspector can put the motorist under arrest for up to 15 days.

And despite the rather harsh penalties, many continue to drink while driving, which leads to numerous accidents and victims. Perhaps such situations arise due to inept control of their own desires, when 300 gr. beer turns into 500 gr. whiskey.

The decrease in the number of accidents with drunk drivers by 16% is a good indicator, but the figure of 12.7 thousand such accidents in a time interval of 10 months is still too high. Of these, more than 3 thousand accidents with lethal outcome... Perhaps the State Duma will pay attention to such indicators, and significantly increase the punishment for drunk driving.